Biological Molecules (Nucleic Acids)

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

RNA

Answer 2

Ribonucleic acid, U for T

Question 3

Components of nucleotide

Answer 3

Pentose sugar, Phosphate group, Nitrogen-Containing organic base

Question 4

Base pairings

Answer 4

Adenine to Thymine (Uracil) and Guanine to Cytosine

Question 5

Bond formed between two mononucleotides

Answer 5

Phosphodiester bond

Question 6

Bonds formed between two bases

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonds

Question 7

Structure of DNA is known as

Answer 7

Double helix

Question 8

Provides protection to organic bases inside double helix

Answer 8

Phosphodiester backbone

Question 9

Semi-conservative replication

Answer 9

The way that DNA replicates to form two new DNA strands

Question 10

DNA helicase

Answer 10

The enzyme used to break the hydrogen bonds that hold the complementary bases together

Question 11

DNA polymerase

Answer 11

The enzyme that makes the phosphodiester bonds

Question 12

Adenine

Answer 12

A nitrogen-containing organic base

Question 13

Ribose

Answer 13

A sugar molecule with a 5-carbon ring structure that acts as the backbone to which other parts are attached

Question 14

Phosphates

Answer 14

A chain of three phosphate groups

Question 15

Structure of ATP

Answer 15

Adenine, Ribose and 3 Phosphates

Question 16

Structure of ADP

Answer 16

Adenine, Ribose and 2 Phosphates

Question 17

Structure of AMP

Answer 17

Adenine, Ribose and 1 Phosphate

Question 18

Activation of ATP

Answer 18

Low, means bonds are easily broken, with considerable amount of energy released

Question 19

ATP Hydrolase

Answer 19

Used in converting ATP to ADP in a hydrolysis reaction

Question 20

ATP Synthase

Answer 20

Used in converting ADP to ATP in a condensation reaction

Question 21

In chlorophyll-containing plant cells during photosynthesis

Answer 21

Photophosphorylation

Question 22

In plant and animal cells doing respiration

Answer 22

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

In plant and animal cells when phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP

Answer 23

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 24

Roles of ATP

Answer 24

Immediate energy source of a cell (quickly re-formed, therefore not needed in large quantities)

Question 25

Energy-requiring processes its involved in

Answer 25

Metabolic processes, Movement, Active transport, Secretion, Activation of molecules

Question 26

Glycolysis

Answer 26

First part of cellular respiration in which glucose is broken down anaerobically in the cytoplasm to two molecules of pyruvate

Question 27

Formation of a water molecule

Answer 27

Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, joined together by hydrogen bonds

Question 28

Water is dipolar

Answer 28

Oxygen atom has slight negative charge, Hydrogen has slightly positive one, Described as dipolar

Question 29

Water and hydrogen bonding

Answer 29

Different poles attract, the attraction is called a hydrogen bond

Question 30

Specific heat capacity of water

Answer 30

Molecules stick together, taking more energy to separate them, Water acts as a buffer against sudden temperature changes in environment

Question 31

Latent heat of vaporisation of water

Answer 31

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules means that it requires a lot of energy to evaporate 1 gram of water

Question 32

Cohesion of water

Answer 32

Molecules stick together in large group due to hydrogen bonds, for example in the xylem vessel

Question 33

Surface tension in water

Answer 33

Water molecules meet air they tend to be pulled back into the body of water rather than escaping from it

Question 34

Water in metabolism

Answer 34

Using in hydrolysis and condensation reactions

Question 35

Water as a solvent

Answer 35

Readily dissolves oxygen, CO2, ammonia, urea, amino acids, monosaccharides and ATP