biological molecules: carbohydrates

Question 1

examples of monosaccharides

Answer 1

glucose
fructose
ribose

Question 2

examples of disaccharides

Answer 2

lactose
sucrose

Question 3

examples of polysaccharide

Answer 3

glycogen
cellulose
starch

Question 4

are carbohydrates polar or non polar, insoluble or soluble

Answer 4

polar molecule
soluble
because of hydrogen bonds between hydroxyl groups and water molecules

Question 5

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 5

2 alpha glucose molecules are side by side the hydroxyl groups react forming water

Question 6

what bond is formed between two glucose molecules

Answer 6

1,4 alpha glycosidic bond

Question 7

what does fructose and glucose make

Answer 7

sucrose

Question 8

what do galactose and glucose make

Answer 8

lactose (milk and milk products)

Question 9

what is starh made from

Answer 9

2 slightly different polysaccharides formed by many different alpha glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 10

what is stored as starch

Answer 10

glucose made by photosynthesis in plant cells
chemical energy store

Question 11

characteristics of the shape of amylose

Answer 11

formed by alpha glucose modes joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds
long chain of glucose twists to form a helix which further stabilises the hydrogen bonding
makes it more compact and less soluble

Question 12

amylopectin structure

Answer 12

a starch made by 1,4 glycosidic bonds by there are some bonds formed by condensation reaction between carbon 1 and carbon 6
a branched structure

Question 13

glycogen properties

Answer 13

has more branches then amylopectin - more compact, less space is needed for it to be stored
insoluble
branched
compact
many free ends where glucose can be added or removed

Question 14

what is respiration

Answer 14

process in which biochemical eergy in these stored nutrients is conerted into a useable energy source for the cell

Question 15

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 15

starch or glycogen add water molecules to release glucose for respiration

Question 16

how are beta glucose molecules joined together

Answer 16

alternate beta glucose molecules are tured around

Question 17

what are hydrolysis reactions catalysed by

Answer 17

enzymes

Question 18

what is formed by beta glucoose molecules joined together

Answer 18

cellulose because it cant be coiled together

Question 19

what do cellulose molecules form

Answer 19

microfibrils with hydrogen bonds

Question 20

what do mirofibrils go on to form

Answer 20

macrofibrils which then form fibres
strong insoluble and used to make cell wlls
gives a healthy digestive system