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IMMS > biological molecules > Flashcards

biological molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What is an organelle?

A

An aggregate of macromolecules which are used for a specific function within a cell

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2
Q

What are monosaccharides made up of?

A

A carbon chain with hydroxyl groups and one carbonyl

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3
Q

Which direction is light rotated when passing through D-glucose?

A

Right

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4
Q

How do monosaccharides form cyclic structures?

A

Condensation reaction between aldehyde/ketone end with a hydroxyl group on the same molecule

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5
Q

Name one use for the sulphated sugar heparin

A

Anticoagulant

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6
Q

What other group do amino-sugars contain?

A

An NH2, often acylated

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7
Q

What is an oligosaccharide?

A

A polymer made up of 3-12 monosaccharides

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8
Q

How does a glycosidic bond form?

A

Carbonyl reacts with OH or NH group (condensation)

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9
Q

What is the structure of a proteoglycan?

A

Long unbranched polysaccharides radiating from a core protein

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10
Q

What is the function of glycogen?

A

Storage of carbohydrates in animals

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11
Q

What is the function of starch?

A

Storage of carbohydrates in plants

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12
Q

What is the structure of a lipid?

A

Straight carbon chain with a methyl group and a carboxyl group at the ends

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13
Q

How does the melting point of a lipid change as unsaturation increases?

A

Decreases

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14
Q

What does ‘omega 9’ tell you about a lipid

A

It is unsaturated at bond 9

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15
Q

How are double bonds usually spaced in an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Every third C

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16
Q

What are phosphoacylglycerols derived from?

A

Phosphatidic acid, formed from fatty acids esterified to glycerol, phosphorylated at 3C

17
Q

What are sphingolipids derived from?

A

Ceramide

18
Q

How are eicosanoids synthesised?

A

From eicosanoic acids (20C) with double bonds at 3, 4, and 5

19
Q

What is a use for eiconasoids?

A

Anti inflammatory drugs

20
Q

Name two purines

A

Adenine and Guanine

21
Q

Name two pyramidines

A

Thymine and Cytosine (also Uracil)

22
Q

What is the structure of an amino acid?

A

A carboxyl, amino group and side chain

23
Q

Which part of an amino acid determines polarity?

A

The side chain

24
Q

Which part of an amino acid determines its charge?

A

All 3 parts

IMMS (2 decks)

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