Biological Molecules

Question 1

What food type provides the most amount of energy?

Answer 1

Carbohydrate

Question 2

Why does water flow from bottom to top in a Liebig condenser?

Answer 2

To make sure the bottom of the condenser is the coolest so as to maximise condensation.

Question 3

Why is a thermometer placed right next to the Liebig condenser?

Answer 3

To measure the boiling point of the liquid exiting the distilling flask that enters the condenser.

Question 4

What is a balanced diet?

Answer 4

It contains the right amount of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water and fibre to meet the daily requirements of the body.

Question 5

What does partially permeable mean?

Answer 5

It only allows certain molecules to pass through it, not others.

Question 6

What are the simple sugars?

Answer 6

Glucose (found in animals)
Fructose (Widespread in plants but uncommon in humans)
Galactose (A component of milk sugar/ Lactose)

Question 7

What are the complex sugars?

Answer 7

Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose

Question 8

What are the complex carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Starch
Cellulose
Glycogen

Question 9

What do complex sugars mean?

Answer 9

Sugars made up of 2 molecules of simple sugars.

Question 10

What is sucrose made up of?

Answer 10

Glucose and Fructose

Question 11

What is maltose made up of?

Answer 11

Glucose and Glucose

Question 12

What is lactose made up of?

Answer 12

Glucose and Galactose

Question 13

What is starch?

Answer 13

It is made up of many glucose molecules and is one of the most important sources of carbohydrates. It is found abundantly in cereals and potatoes.

Question 14

What does cellulose do?

Answer 14

It forms the bulk of undigested matter and the greater part of cell walls of plants.

Question 15

What elements form carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Question 16

What elements do fats consist of?

Answer 16

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.

Question 17

What happens when fats are hydrolyzed?

Answer 17

They are hydrolysed into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 18

What elements do proteins consist of?

Answer 18

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus.

Question 19

Where are proteins always present?

Answer 19

In the protoplasm.

Question 20

What happens during the hydrolysis of proteins?

Answer 20

They are hydrolysed into polypeptides and then hydrolysed into amino acids.

Question 21

What are the sources of Vitamin C?

Answer 21

Citrus Fruits and Vegetables

Question 22

What are the functions of Vitamin C?

Answer 22

For healthy skin and gums

It allows the formation of connective tissues.

Wound healing.

Question 23

What is the result of the deficiency of Vitamin C?

Answer 23

Scurvy

Question 24

What are the sources of Vitamin D?

Answer 24

(Milk, milk products, Cod-liver oil, Fishes) & Sunlight

Question 25

What is the function of Vitamin D?

Answer 25

Enables the body to use calcium and phosphorus | for the formation of strong teeth and bones.

Question 26

What is the result of the deficiency of Vitamin D?

Answer 26

Rickets

Question 27

What are the sources of Calcium?

Answer 27

(Milk, Eggs, Green vegetables, Beans, Beancurd)

Question 28

What are the functions of Calcium?

Answer 28

For teeth and bone formation For proper functioning of muscles For blood clotting

Question 29

What are the results of deficiency of Calcium?

Answer 29

Causes rickets Inability to clot blood

Question 30

What are the sources of Sodium?

Answer 30

(Fish, Meat, Milk, Eggs)

Question 31

What are the functions of Sodium?

Answer 31

For normal functioning of nerves Maintaining of blood pressure

Question 32

What is the result of deficiency of sodium?

Answer 32

Muscular cramps

Question 33

What are the sources of Iron?

Answer 33

(Eggs, Red meat, Dark Green Leafy Vegetables)

Question 34

What is the function of Iron?

Answer 34

Formation of red blood cells

Question 35

What is the result of deficiency of Iron?

Answer 35

Anaemia

Question 36

Why is water important?

Answer 36

It is the essential constituent for protoplasm.

Question 37

What are Water's Functions?

Answer 37

Medium for which various chemical reactions in organism occur Transport agent for digested food substances and excretory products Essential reactant for photosynthesis Help regulate body temperature; perspiration

Question 38

What does Water requirement vary for?

Answer 38

Climate Different person (body mass)

Question 39

What are the sources of dietary fibre?

Answer 39

(Fresh fruits, Vegetables, Cereals, Wholemeal bread)

Question 40

What is the function of dietary fibre?

Answer 40

It provides bulk to the intestinal content.

Question 41

What is the result of deficiency of dietary fibre?

Answer 41

Constipation

Question 42

What is positive for Iodine Test?

Answer 42

Blue-Black Colouration

Question 43

What is negative for Iodine Test?

Answer 43

Yellowish-Brown Colouration

Question 44

What is positive for Benedict's Test?

Answer 44

Brick-Red Precipitate

Question 45

What is negative for Benedict's Test?

Answer 45

Solution remains blue

Question 46

What is positive for Biuret Test?

Answer 46

A purple/violet solution.

Question 47

What is negative for Biuret Test?

Answer 47

A pale blue solution.

Question 48

What is positive for ethanol-emulsion test?

Answer 48

White Emulsion

Question 49

What is negative for ethanol-emulsion test?

Answer 49

Solution remains clear.

Question 50

What food type releases the most amount of energy when burnt?

Answer 50

Fats

Question 51

How does one calculate the amount of energy in food?

Answer 51

ENERGY= Mass(Energy x Percentage) + (Energy x Percentage) + (Energy x Percentage).

Question 52

What is 1 Calorie able to do?

Answer 52

It is able to raise 1g of water by 1 Degree Celsius.

Question 53

What do Simple Carbohyrdrates do?

Answer 53

They are easily digested and give us quick energy.

Question 54

What are the factors that affect diffusion?

Answer 54

``` Temperature Size of Particles Concentration Gradient Surface Area Thickness of Barrier ```