Biological Molecules Flashcards
What is a biological molecule?
A biomolecule is any molecule that is present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products.
What are the four types of Macromolecules?
Lipids,Carbohydrates,Proteins, and nucleic acid
Name 4 types of Lipids
Steroids, Glycerol, Triglyceride and Cholesterol
Name 4 types of Carbohydrates
Starch, Glucose, Cellulose, and Fructose
Name 4 types of Proteins
Monosaccharides, Haemoglobin , Amino acid and enzymes
What is a Monomer?
Single small molecules that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
What is a Polymer?
A polymer may be a natural or synthetic macromolecule comprised of repeating units of a smaller molecule (monomers)
What is polymerisation?
The process of making polymers
Define metabolism
Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions that take place within organisms
Define Anabolism
The build up of larger complex molecules from smaller one using energy.
Define Catabolism
The break down of complex molecules into simpler ones , together with the release of energy
Condensation reaction?
Reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger complex molecule, producing H2O as a by-product.
Hydrolysis reaction?
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What can carbohydrates be broken down into?
Polysaccharides, Disaccharides and Monosaccharides
Name 2 polysaccharides
starch and glycogen
Name 2 disaccharides
sucrose and maltose
Name 2 monosaccharides
alpha glucose and galactose
What 3 elements do carbs contain
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
What is proportion C, H and O come in carbs? (equation)
Cn(H2O)n
Give three properties of monosccharides
-They are souble in water -They are sweet tasting -They form crystals
Difference between alpha and beta glucose
-Alpha glucose has the -H at the top and the -OH at the bottom -Beta has the -OH at the top and the -H at the bottom
What reaction is used to bond together monosccharides? (And other carb molecule)
Condensation reaction
What bond exists between carbohydrate molecules after a condensation reaction?
Glycosidic Bond
What two monosccharides make Lactose?
Glucose and Galactose
