Biological Molecules 2

Question 1

What type of molecule is DNA?

Answer 1

A nucleic acid.

Question 2

What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?

Answer 2

DNA and RNA.

Question 3

What do DNA and RNA stand for?

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.

Question 4

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Answer 4

Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids.

Question 5

What are the 3 things a nucleotide is made of?

Answer 5

A pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.

Question 6

How many bonds are needed to make a nucleotide, and what kind of bonds?

Answer 6

2. A glucosidic bond, and an ester bond.

Question 7

How do individual nucleotides bind together?

Answer 7

Condensation.

Question 8

What is formed when many nucleotides join together?

Answer 8

A polynucleotide.

Question 9

What bond is formed between individual nucleotides?

Answer 9

A phosphodiester bond.

Question 10

How many strands does DNA contain?

Answer 10

DNA is made of 2 strands.

Question 11

What shape is DNA?

Answer 11

DNA is in a double helix shape.

Question 12

How are the 2 strands of DNA joined together?

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds between the bases.

Question 13

How many bases are found in DNA?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

Name the 4 bases found in DNA.

Answer 14

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine.

Question 15

How do bases pair up?

Answer 15

Complementary base pairing.

Question 16

What are the 2 complementary base pairs?

Answer 16

Adenine - Thymine/Uracil
Cytosine - Guanine.

Question 17

How many hydrogen bonds form between A-T?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

How many hydrogen bonds form between C-G?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

How does the total number of C-G pairs affect the stability of the molecule?

Answer 19

C-G has 1 more h-bond than A-T so it provides more strength to the whole molecule.

Question 20

What are purines?

Answer 20

Nitrogen bases that have 2 carbon rings in their structure.

Question 21

What are pyramidines?

Answer 21

Nitogen bases that have a single carbon ring in their structure.

Question 22

What bases are purines?

Answer 22

Adenine and guanine.

Question 23

What bases are pyramidines?

Answer 23

Thymine, uracil and cytosine.

Question 24

In terms of purines and pyramidines, what bases bind together?

Answer 24

Purines always bind to pyramidines.

Question 25

In general terms, how does RNA compare to DNA?

Answer 25

Simpler.

Question 26

What bases are found in RNA?

Answer 26

Adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil (not thymine).

Question 27

What type of sugar is found in RNA?

Answer 27

Ribose, hence the different name.

Question 28

How many strands are found in RNA?

Answer 28

RNA is single stranded.

Question 29

In terms of lengh, how do RNA and DNA compare?

Answer 29

RNA is much shorter than DNA.

Question 31

In more detail, compare DNA and RNA (4)

Answer 31

* RNA is shorter (codes for a single gene) * RNA has uracil in place of thymine * RNA has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose. * RNA is single stranded (the reverse of these is for DNA)