Biological Molecules 2 Flashcards
I cant why is this so out of order (splatoon?)
What type of molecule is DNA?
A nucleic acid.
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
What do DNA and RNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
What are the monomers of nucleic acids?
Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids.
What are the 3 things a nucleotide is made of?
A pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
How many bonds are needed to make a nucleotide, and what kind of bonds?
- A glucosidic bond, and an ester bond.
How do individual nucleotides bind together?
Condensation.
What is formed when many nucleotides join together?
A polynucleotide.
What bond is formed between individual nucleotides?
A phosphodiester bond.
How many strands does DNA contain?
DNA is made of 2 strands.
What shape is DNA?
DNA is in a double helix shape.
How are the 2 strands of DNA joined together?
Hydrogen bonds between the bases.
How many bases are found in DNA?
4
Name the 4 bases found in DNA.
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine.
How do bases pair up?
Complementary base pairing.
What are the 2 complementary base pairs?
Adenine - Thymine/Uracil
Cytosine - Guanine.
How many hydrogen bonds form between A-T?
2
How many hydrogen bonds form between C-G?
3
How does the total number of C-G pairs affect the stability of the molecule?
C-G has 1 more h-bond than A-T so it provides more strength to the whole molecule.
What are purines?
Nitrogen bases that have 2 carbon rings in their structure.
What are pyramidines?
Nitogen bases that have a single carbon ring in their structure.
What bases are purines?
Adenine and guanine.
What bases are pyramidines?
Thymine, uracil and cytosine.
In terms of purines and pyramidines, what bases bind together?
Purines always bind to pyramidines.
In general terms, how does RNA compare to DNA?
Simpler.
What bases are found in RNA?
Adenine, cytosine, guanine and uracil (not thymine).
What type of sugar is found in RNA?
Ribose, hence the different name.
How many strands are found in RNA?
RNA is single stranded.
In terms of lengh, how do RNA and DNA compare?
RNA is much shorter than DNA.
In more detail, compare DNA and RNA (4)
- RNA is shorter (codes for a single gene)
- RNA has uracil in place of thymine
- RNA has ribose sugar instead of deoxyribose.
- RNA is single stranded
(the reverse of these is for DNA)
