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AQA Biology A Level > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main groups of Biological Molecules ?

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins

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2
Q

What is a monomer ?

A

Small units from which larger units/molecules can be made

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3
Q

What is a polymer ?

A

Molecules made from many monomers

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4
Q

What is a condensation reaction ?

A

When 2 molecules form a chemical bond through the removal of 1 water molecule

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5
Q

What is hydrolysis reaction ?

A

The breaking of a chemical bond using a molecule of water (reverses a condensation reaction)

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6
Q

What are the 3 groups of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides

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7
Q

What is the monomer of carbohydrates ?

A

monosaccharides

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of sugars ?

A

Hexose sugar (6 carbon), Pentose sugar (5 carbon), Triose sugar (3 carbon)

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9
Q

What are examples of Hexose sugars ?

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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10
Q

What is the formula of a hexose sugar ?

A

C6H12O6

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11
Q

What are hexose sugars used for ?

A

Energy source
Used in respiration
Construct polysaccharides

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12
Q

Alpha glucose structure

A

(used in animals and plants) H next to the O

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13
Q

Beta glucose structure

A

(found only in plants) OH next to O

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14
Q

Galactose structure

A

found only in animals

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15
Q

Fructose structure

A

found only in plants

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16
Q

Examples of Pentose sugar

A
  1. Ribose sugar (used for RNA)
  2. Deoxyribose sugar (used for DNA)
17
Q

Use of triose sugar

A

Used in respiration reaction

18
Q

What are the 3 disaccharides ?
How are they formed ?

A

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

  • through a condensation reaction of 2 monosaccharides
19
Q

What is maltose made up of ?

A

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

20
Q

What is lactose made up of ?

A

alpha glucose + galactose (galaxy bar is milky)

21
Q

What is sucrose made up of ?

A

alpha glucose + fructose

22
Q

What bond forms in a disaccharides ?

A

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond (maltose)
- 1 molecule of water expelled

23
Q

What are 3 types of polysaccharides ?

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

24
Q

What are some features of Polysaccharides ?

A

They are insoluble
They form through many condensation reactions
They have subunits of monosaccharides

25
Q

What are the 3 polysaccharides ?

A

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

26
Q

What are features of Starch ?

A

It’s a polymer of alpha glucose
It’s a plant storage polysaccharide (stores ATP)
It made up of :
Amylose, Amylopectin

27
Q

How does amylose form ?

A

Forms by condensation reactions between alpha glucose forming 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Forms coiled springs (alpha helix structure)

28
Q

What are characteristics of amylose ?

A

Unbranched
Insoluble
Compact

AQA Biology A Level (12 decks)

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