Biological Molecules Flashcards
What are the 3 main groups of Biological Molecules ?
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins
What is a monomer ?
Small units from which larger units/molecules can be made
What is a polymer ?
Molecules made from many monomers
What is a condensation reaction ?
When 2 molecules form a chemical bond through the removal of 1 water molecule
What is hydrolysis reaction ?
The breaking of a chemical bond using a molecule of water (reverses a condensation reaction)
What are the 3 groups of carbohydrates?
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What is the monomer of carbohydrates ?
monosaccharides
What are the 3 types of sugars ?
Hexose sugar (6 carbon), Pentose sugar (5 carbon), Triose sugar (3 carbon)
What are examples of Hexose sugars ?
glucose, fructose, galactose
What is the formula of a hexose sugar ?
C6H12O6
What are hexose sugars used for ?
Energy source
Used in respiration
Construct polysaccharides
Alpha glucose structure
(used in animals and plants) H next to the O
Beta glucose structure
(found only in plants) OH next to O
Galactose structure
found only in animals
Fructose structure
found only in plants
Examples of Pentose sugar
- Ribose sugar (used for RNA)
- Deoxyribose sugar (used for DNA)
Use of triose sugar
Used in respiration reaction
What are the 3 disaccharides ?
How are they formed ?
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
- through a condensation reaction of 2 monosaccharides
What is maltose made up of ?
alpha glucose + alpha glucose
What is lactose made up of ?
alpha glucose + galactose (galaxy bar is milky)
What is sucrose made up of ?
alpha glucose + fructose
What bond forms in a disaccharides ?
Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond (maltose)
- 1 molecule of water expelled
What are 3 types of polysaccharides ?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
What are some features of Polysaccharides ?
They are insoluble
They form through many condensation reactions
They have subunits of monosaccharides
What are the 3 polysaccharides ?
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
What are features of Starch ?
It’s a polymer of alpha glucose
It’s a plant storage polysaccharide (stores ATP)
It made up of :
Amylose, Amylopectin
How does amylose form ?
Forms by condensation reactions between alpha glucose forming 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Forms coiled springs (alpha helix structure)
What are characteristics of amylose ?
Unbranched
Insoluble
Compact
