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Biology > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 key elements that make up biological molecules?

A

Hydrogen oxygen carbon and nitrogen

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2
Q

Why is magnesium important?

A

It is a constituent of chlorophyll and is essential for photosynthesis

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3
Q

Why is iron important?

A

It is a constituent of haemoglobin which transports oxygen in red blood cells

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4
Q

Why is phosphate important?

A

It is a constituent of phospholipids and is used to make nucleic acids (DNA RNA and ATP)

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5
Q

Why is calcium important?

A

It is a structural component of bones and teeth in mammals and a component of plant cell walls

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6
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Inorganic nutrients needed in minute amounts

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7
Q

What is a compound?

A

Consists of more than one type of atom

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8
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Compounds that do not contain carbon bonded to hydrogen

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9
Q

What are macronutrients?

A

Inorganic ions needed in small amounts

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10
Q

What is an atom?

A

Contains electrons protons and neutrons

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11
Q

What is an element?

A

Consists of only one type of atom

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12
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms joined together

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13
Q

What does organic mean?

A

A compound that is based in carbon and contain carbon bonded to hydrogen

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14
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A structure made up of monomers bonded together through polymerisation

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15
Q

What reaction links two monomers together, and what is eliminated?

A

A condensation reaction, and water is eliminated

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16
Q

What is the inverse of a condensation reaction?

A

A hydrolysis reaction

17
Q

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

A

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

18
Q

What are the main functions of carbohydrates?

A

Storage and release of energy and forming cellular structures

19
Q

What are the three classes of carbohydrate?

A

Monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

20
Q

What bonds join monomers together?

A

Glycosidic bonds

21
Q

What is the most abundant monosaccharide?

A

Glucose

22
Q

How many carbons does glucose have?

A

6

23
Q

What are the two forms of glucose?

A

Alpha and beta

24
Q

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

A

In alpha glucose the OH group on carbon one points down, while in beta glucose it points up

25
Q

What are other examples of hexose monosaccharides?

A

Fructose and galactose

26
Q

What is an example of a Penrose sugar?

A

Ribose

27
Q

What is an example of a triose sugar?

A

Glyceraldehyde

28
Q

What are properties of monosaccharides?

A

They are soluble in water and therefore dissolve in the cell and are easily transported in the bloodstream of animals

Biology (8 decks)

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