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biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

A

a reaction that breaks a chemical bond between 2 molecules and involves the use of a water molecules

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2
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

a reaction that joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of a molecule of water

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3
Q

Examples of disaccharides

A
  • maltose
  • lactose
  • sucrose
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4
Q

Examples of polysaccharides

A
  • cellulose
  • starch
  • glycogen
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5
Q

Examples of monosaccharides

A
  • glucose
  • fructose
  • galactose
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6
Q

What are monomers?

A

small units which combine to make large chains (polymers)

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7
Q

Examples of monomers

A
  • monosaccharides
  • nucleotides
  • amino acids
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8
Q

What are polymers?

A

long chains of monomers

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9
Q

Examples of polymers

A
  • DNA
  • starch
  • proteins
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10
Q

What are the two major classes of lipids?

A

triglycerides and phospholipids

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11
Q

What are the components of triglycerides?

A
  • 3 fatty acids
  • glycerol
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12
Q

What are the components of a phospholipid?

A
  • 2 fatty acids
  • glycerol
  • phosphate group
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13
Q

What are the uses/functions of lipids?

A
  • protection
  • insulation
  • plasma membrane
  • waterproofing
  • storage of energy
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14
Q

Which part of a phospholipid is polar and hydrophilic?

A

the phosphate group

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15
Q

Which part of a triglyceride is non-polar and hydrophobic?

A

the whole molecule is non-polar and hydrophobic

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16
Q

Which part of a phospholipid is non-polar and hydrophobic?

A

the fatty acids

17
Q

What type of bond joins the glycerol and fatty acids?

A

ester bond

18
Q

What is the test and results for lipids?

A

ethanol & distilled water
cloudy-white

19
Q

Describe the tests for lipids

A
  1. take dry and grease-free test tube
  2. to 2cm^3 of sample being tested, add 5cm^3 of ethanol
  3. shake thoroughly to dissolve and lipids present in the sample
  4. add 5cm^3 of water and shake gently
  5. a cloudy-white colour indicates the presence of a liquid
20
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid?

A

a fatty acid that has no double bonds between carbons

21
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

a fatty acid that has double bonds between carbons

22
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A
  • enzymes
  • transport
  • movement
  • cell recognition
  • channels

Biology (8 decks)

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