biological molecules

Question 1

what kind of bond is present in proteins and how are these bonds formed?

Answer 1

2 amino acids undergo a condensation reaction (with the loss of a water molecule) forming a peptide bond

Question 2

explain the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteins

Answer 2

(ADD PIC)*****
PRIMARY - specific sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide chain
SECONDARY - folding and coiling of polypeptide chain to form alpha helix and beta pleated sheets held by hydrogen bonds & COOH-NH2
TERTIARY - unique 3-dimensional structure with bonding between the R groups present (not stable conformation)
QUATERNARY - 2 or more polypeptides form a biologically functioning protein held together by ionic, covalent, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction

Question 3

what is denaturation?

Answer 3

the loss of the 3 dimensional structure of protein. these bonds are broken or altered because of changes in the temperature or pH

Question 4

what are the monomers of proteins?

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

what are the monomers of lipids and how are these monomers formed?

Answer 5

saturated & unsaturated triglycerides formed by condensation reaction between 1 glycerol molecule & 3 fatty acids

Question 6

what is the bond present in lipids?

Answer 6

ester bond

Question 7

what is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fat?

Answer 7

saturated fat do not have double bonds (kinks) while unsaturated fat have double bonds (kinks)

Question 8

what is a phospholipid and what is the difference between it and a triglyceride?

Answer 8

(ADD PIC)*****
a phospholipid has 2 fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule and phosphate group

Question 9

name the monosaccharides of carbohydrates

Answer 9

glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 10

name the disaccharides of carbohydrates and what monosaccs they are made of

Answer 10

maltose (glucose + glucose), lactose (glucose + galactose), sucrose (glucose + fructose)

Question 10

what is the bond present in carbohydrates and how is it formed?

Answer 10

monosaccharides undergo a condensation reaction to form a glycosidic bond

Question 10

name the polysaccharides of carbohydrates

Answer 10

glycogen (in animals), starch & cellulose (in plants)

Question 10

what are the monomers of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

monosaccharides