Biological Molecules Flashcards
How does a high specific heat energy and latent heat of vaporisation affect water?
HPHC: putting i or taking out a large amount of energy to raise the temperature to one degree. The temperature of water does not change rapidly o aquatic organisms can function and use it for habitat.
HLHOV: takes large amount of heat energy to evaporate water. This allows organisms to cool themselves without losing a great deal of energy and water such as sweating
How does cohesion affect water?
Water molecules stick together
This is due to the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules
Cohesion allows long columns of water to travel up the xylem tubes which makes water ideal as a transparent median in plants (cell wall)
How does surface tension affect water?
Allows surface of water to act as a habitat from its high density
What does
Magnesium
Iron
Calcium
Nitrate
Phosphate ions do?
Magnesium- produces chlorophyll in plants
Iron- haemoglobin
Calcium- strengthens bones and cell walls
Phosphate- make atp and add
Nitrate- make dna and amino acids
Define polar molecules
Uneven distribution of charges
Define solvent
Dissolving ionic and polar molecules
What are monosaccharides
Small organic molecules used as building blocks of complex carbohydrates
What are examples of disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What are polysaccharides
More than 2 monosaccharides or disaccharides bonded
What are examples of polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Glycogen and starch
Glycogen
- made of alpha glucose molecules
- energy store
- large side branch, energy released quickly
- large compact
Starch
- made of alpha glucose molecules
- made of 2 polysaccharides called amylose and amylopectin
What is the difference between amylose and amylopectin
Amylose
- unbranched chain
- joined by 1-4 glycosidic bonds
- compact and coiled
- energy store
Amlopectin
- branched
- 1-4 glycosidic bonds joined by 1-6 glycosidic bonds
- many side branches
Describe cellulose
- made from beta glucose molecules
