Biological molecules

Question 1

What is a monomer?

Answer 1

single unit

Question 2

What is a polymer?

Answer 2

loads repeating units of monomers

Question 3

What are the monomers of a protein?

Answer 3

amino acids

Question 4

how are the monomers of a protein joined together?

Answer 4

peptide bond

Question 5

What is the polymer of glucose, and what bond is it joined by?

Answer 5

Starch and joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 6

What monomers make up DNA, using which bond?

Answer 6

Nucleotides, using a phosphodiester bond.

Question 7

Name three types of carbohydrates.

Answer 7

• monosaccharides
• disaccharides
• polysaccharides

Question 8

Name three types of monosaccharides

Answer 8

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

Question 9

name three examples of disaccharides:

Answer 9

• sucrose
• maltose
• lactose

Question 10

Name three examples of polysaccharides:

Answer 10

• glycogen
• cellulose
• starch

Question 11

Give a function of a carbohydrate:

Answer 11

its an energy metabolism and storage of energy which is starch in plants and glycogen in animals.

Question 12

What is the function of lipids?

Answer 12

• energy source
• component of cellular membranes
• water - repellant barrier

Question 13

describe the structure of triglycerides

Answer 13

made up of 3 fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol.

Question 14

what is the function of triglycerides?

Answer 14

insulate and protect internal organs
- stored in adipose tissue

Question 15

Describe the structure of phospholipids:

Answer 15

two fatty acids + 1 glycerol + short polar functional group containing nitrogen

Question 16

What is the function of phospholipids?

Answer 16

Form plasma membrane around all cells.

Question 17

name two types of steroids

Answer 17

cholesterol
oestrogen and testosterones

Question 18

What is cholesterol?

Answer 18

• components of cell membrane
• helps to stabilise phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Question 19

explain the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 19

• NH2 - (amino group)
• COOH (carboxylic acid)
• R (variable group)
• H (hydrogen)

Question 20

what are the 4 levels of protein structure?

Answer 20

• primary
• secondary
• tertiary
• quaternary

Question 21

Explain the primary structure of a protein?

Answer 21

order of amino acids

Question 22

explain the secondary structure of a protein.

Answer 22

hydrogen bonding on peptide backbone which causes amino acids to fold into a repeating pattern.

Question 23

explain the tertiary structure of a protein.

Answer 23

3D folding patterns due to side chain interactions - disulphide bridges

Question 24

explain the quaternary structure of protein.

Answer 24

proteins consisting of more than one amino acid chain.

Question 25

give the functions of proteins.

Answer 25

• movement - muscle contraction
• metabolism - enzymes
• coordination and control - hormones

Question 26

What does the denaturation of proteins mean?

Answer 26

when a protein losses its specific 3D shape, therefore the protein molecule can no longer perform its biological function.

Question 27

how may a protein be denatured?

Answer 27

• heat/ radiation
• solvents and detergents
• strong acids and alkalis

Question 28

Name the two types of Nucleic acids?

Answer 28

• DNA
• RNA

Question 29

what does DNA store?

Answer 29

Genetic material

Question 30

What is ATP?

Answer 30

adenosine triphosphate stores and provides energy.

Question 31

Describe the structure of ATP

Answer 31

• adenosine
• 3 phosphate groups