biological molecules

Question 1

what is a monomer?

Answer 1

small, single units that act as the building blocks to create larger molecules

Question 2

what is a polymer?

Answer 2

made up of many monomers, usually thousands that are chemically bonded together to make large complex molecules

Question 3

what is a dimer?

Answer 3

2 monomers linked

Question 4

what is a trimer?

Answer 4

3 monomers linked

Question 5

what is the equation for the formation of a dimer?

Answer 5

c6h12o6 + c6h12o6 —> c12h22o11 + h2o

monomer + monomer —> dimer + water

Question 6

what is the chemical reaction that bonds monomers together called?

Answer 6

a condensation reaction

Question 7

what does a condensation reaction involve?

Answer 7

they involve the removal of a water molecule. this enables a chhemical bond to form between the monomers

Question 8

what is the chemical reaction called that split the chemical bond within a dimer or polymer?

Answer 8

a hydrolysis reaction

Question 9

what happens in a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 9

a water molecule is added between two bonded monomers to break the chemical bond

Question 10

what do the monomers nucleotides (DNA and RNA) make when a condensation reaction takes place

Answer 10

they make the polymers polynucleotides

Question 11

what do the monomers monosaccharides make when a condensation reaction takes place

Answer 11

they make the polymers polysaccharides

Question 12

what do the monomers amino acids make a condensation reaction takes place?

Answer 12

they make the polymers polypeptides (proteins)

Question 13

what are carbohydrates?

Answer 13

they are key biological molecules that store energy and can provide structural support to plant cells

Question 14

what are the 3 groups that carbohydrates can be classified into which are determined by the units they are made of?

Answer 14

monosaccharides (monomers)
disaccharides (dimers)
polysaccharides (polymers)

Question 15

whhat are the 3 monosaccharides?

Answer 15

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 16

what are the 3 disaccharides?

Answer 16

maltose
sucrose
lactose

Question 17

what are the 3 polysaccharides?

Answer 17

starch
glycogen
cellulose

Question 18

which of the 3 classified carbohydrates are soluble in water?

Answer 18

monosaccharides, they are simple sugars and soluble in water

Question 19

what is the function of monosaccharides?

Answer 19

either to provide energy or to be a building block to create larger molecules

Question 20

what are the 3 elements that all carbohydrates contain?

Answer 20

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 21

what is the general formula for monosaccharides?

Answer 21

CnH2nOn (n = the number of carbon atoms it contains)

Question 22

what is glucose?

Answer 22

a very important monomer that can provide energy or be polymerised to form a structural support molecule (cellulose) or energy storage molecule (glycogen and starch)

Question 23

glucose has 2 structural isomers, what is meant by an isomer?

Answer 23

compounds that hhave the same formula, but the atoms are arranged differently

Question 24

what is the structure of alpha glucose?

Answer 24

picture to be added

Question 25

what is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 25

the (H) and (OH) group on carbon 1 swap around

Question 26

how many bonds does hydrogen have in glucose?

Answer 26

1 bond

Question 27

how many bonds does oxygen have in glucose?

Answer 27

2 bonds

Question 28

how man bonds does carbon have in glucose?

Answer 28

4 bonds

Question 29

whhat do 2 alpha glucose molecules form when a condensation reaction takes place?

Answer 29

maltose

Question 30

what is a 1-4 glycosidic bond?

Answer 30

the bond that forms during condensation between two glucose molecules

Question 31

what are disaccharides?

Answer 31

two monosaccharides bonded together by a cosidic bond

Question 32

what are the 3 disacchharides to remember?

Answer 32

maltose lactose sucrose

Question 33

what monomers make maltose?

Answer 33

glucose + glucose

Question 34

what monomers make lactose?

Answer 34

glucose + galactose

Question 35

what monomers make sucrose?

Answer 35

glucose + fructose

Question 36

how does a condensation reaction create a disaccharide?

Answer 36

a water molecule is removed from the hydroxyl group (OH) on carbon 1 and carbon 4 on the two monosaccharides

Question 37

what is the bond formed in a condensation reaction between monosaccharides?

Answer 37

1-4 glycosidic bond

Question 38

what is the reaction called where disaccharides are broken back into monosaccharides?

Answer 38

a hydrolysis reaction