Biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • Monosaccharide -> C6H12O6
  • Disaccharide -> C12H22O11
  • Polysaccharide -> ( C6H10O5 ) n
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2
Q

Benedict’s test

A
  • Blue solution
  • 2cm3 of food sample
  • 2cm3 of solution added
  • Boil mixture at 80-90^C for 2mins
  • colour change from blue -> green -> yellow -> orange -> brick red if reducing sugar is present
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3
Q

Iodine test

A
  • add few drops of iodine to food sample
  • ## turns blue black if starch is present
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4
Q

Ethanol emulsion test

A
  • 2cm3 of oil in test tube
  • 2cm3 ethanol added
  • 2cm3 water then added
  • solution is shaken
  • cloudy white emulsion is formed
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5
Q

Biuret test

A
  • 2cm3 food sample
  • 2cm3 NaOH added
  • few drops of dilute CuSO4
  • Mixture is shaken
  • Violet/ purple colour obtained if protein is
    present
  • Mixture remains blue if absent
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6
Q

What is a nucleotide made of

A
  • a pentose sugar ; 5 carbon ( deoxyribose )
  • a nitrogen-containing base
  • a phosphate group ; from phosphoric acid
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7
Q

What are the 4 types of nitrogen-containing bases

A

1) Adenine ; A
2) Thymine ; T
3) Guanine ; G
4) Cytosine ; C

A&T ; G&C

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8
Q

DNA structure

A
  • many nucleotides join together to form a polynucleotide
  • 2 polynucleotide chains twisted to form a double helix
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