Biological molecules Flashcards
what are monomers
smaller units from which larger molecules are made
what are polymers
molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
what is a condensation reaction
a reaction that joins two molecules together to form a chemical bond whilst eliminating of a molecule of water
what is a hydrolysis reaction
a reaction that breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule
what is a monosaccharide
monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
how is a glycosidic bond formed
a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides
name the three main examples of polysaccharides
glycogen, starch, cellulose
describe Benedict’s test for reducing sugars
gently heat a solution of a food sample with an equal volume of Benedict’s solution for five minutes, the solution turns orange/brown if reducing sugar is present
name the two groups of lipids
phospholipids, triglycerides (fats and oils)
give four roles of lipids
source of energy, waterproofing, insulation, protection
what is an ester bond
a bond formed by a condensation reaction between glycerol and a fatty acid
describe the emulsion test for lipids
mix the sample with ethanol in a clean test tube, shake the sample, add water, shake the sample again, a cloudy white colour indicates that lipids are present
what are monomers that make up proteins
amino acids
draw the structure of an amino acid
R
I
I
H2N---------C--------COOH
I
I
Hhow is a peptide bond formed
a condensation reaction between two amino acids
