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Biology Definitions > Biological Molecules > Flashcards

Biological Molecules Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A

A molecule that acts as the energy currency of cells formed from a molecule of ribose, a molecule of adenine + 3 phosphate groups

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2
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

the monomers containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) + a variable R group that makes up proteins

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3
Q

What is the Benedict’s test?

A

A biochemical test used to test for reducing sugars that produces a different colour based on the amount of reducing sugar present

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4
Q

What is the biuret test?

A

a biochemical test that produces a purple solution in the presence of protein

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5
Q

What is cellulose?

A

a polysaccharide made of beta glucose monomers that is used as a structural polysaccharide which provides strength to plant cell walls

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6
Q

What is a condensation reaction?

A

a type of reaction that joins 2 molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond involving the elimination of a molecule of water

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7
Q

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

A

An information storing molecule made up of deoxyribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds to form a double helix

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8
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of 2 amino acids

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9
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of 2 monosaccharides

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10
Q

What is a DNA helicase?

A

An enzyme that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 DNA strands in the DNA molecule that is going to be replicated

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11
Q

What is a DNA polymerase?

A

An enzyme that catalyses the condensation reactions between the new nucleotides in the synthesis of the new DNA strand

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12
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

a protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst + increases the rate of biochemical reaction

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13
Q

What is glycogen?

A

A highly branched polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy in humans and animals

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14
Q

What is a glycosidic bond?

A

A bond between 2 monosaccharides formed in a condensation reaction

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15
Q

What is heat capacity?

A

the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by a specific amount

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16
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaking a chemical bond between 2 molecules involving the use of a water molecule

17
Q

What is the induced-fit model?

A

A model of enzyme action that describes how enzymes undergo subtle conformational changes to better fit the substrate

18
Q

What is the iodine test?

A

A biochemical test used to test for the presence of starch

19
Q

What is lactose?

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a galactose molecule

20
Q

What is latent heat?

A

the amount of energy needed for a substance to change state

21
Q

What is the lipid emulsion test?

A

a biochemical test that produces a cloudy emulsion when performed on lipids

22
Q

What is maltose?

A

A disaccharide formed by condensation of 2 glucose molecules

23
Q

What is a metabolite?

A

A molecule formed or used in metabolic reactions

24
Q

What are monomers?

A

a smaller unit from which larger molecules are made

25
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

The individual sugar monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made

26
Q

What is a phospholipid?

A

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of 1 molecule of glycerol, 2 molecules of fatty acid + a phosphate group

27
Q

What are polymers?

A

Molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

28
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many amino acids

29
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Molecules formed by the condensation of many monosaccharides

30
Q

What is a primary structure?

A

The individual sequence of amino acids in a protein

31
Q

What is a quaternary structure?

A

A structure only applicable to proteins with multiple polypeptide chains that describes the interactions of the different chains

32
Q

What is ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

A

A relatively short molecule made up of ribonucleotide monomers joined by phosphodiester bonds

33
Q

What is a secondary structure?

A

The local interactions of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain

34
Q

What is a semi conservative replication?

A

the production of 2 daughter DNA molecules from 1 DNA molecule which both contain 1 original DNA strand + 1 newly synthesised strand

35
Q

What is a solvent?

A

a substance which other solutes are dissolved in

36
Q

What is starch?

A

a polysaccharide made of alpha glucose monomers that is used as the main storage of energy plants

37
Q

What is sucrose?

A

a disaccharide formed by condensation of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule

38
Q

What is a tertiary structure?

A

The way that the whole protein folds to make 3 dimensional structure

39
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of 1 molecule of glycerol + 3 molecules of fatty acid

Biology Definitions (7 decks)

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