Biological Membranes Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

active transport

A

The active movement of substances from a low concentration to a higher concentration (up their concentration gradient) with the use of energy in the form of ATP.

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2
Q

Amphipathic

A

A molecule with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts.

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3
Q

cell lysis

A

The bursting of an animal cell, particularly after the uptake of too much water by osmosis

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4
Q

cholesterol

A

A mostly hydrophobic molecule that sits in the hydrophobic portion of the membrane and regulates membrane fluidity.

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5
Q

crenation

A

The shrinking of an animal cell when placed in a hypertonic solution due to large amounts of water moving out by osmosis

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5
Q

crenation

A

The shrinking of an animal cell when placed in a hypertonic solution due to large amounts of water moving out by osmosis

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6
Q

endocytosis

A

The bulk uptake of substances into a cell by invagination of the membrane to
form a vesicle trapping the substances inside the cell with the use of energy in the form of ATP.

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7
Q

exocytosis

A

The bulk transport of substances out of a cell using a vesicle that fuses with the
plasma membrane using energy in the form of ATP.

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8
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

The net movement of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient) through transport proteins without the use of energy.

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9
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

A model that describes membrane structure as a sea of mobile phospholipids studded with various proteins.

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10
Q

hydrophilic

A

A molecule which is attracted to water.

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11
Q

hydrophobic

A

a molecule which is repelled by water

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12
Q

integral membrane protein

A

A type of protein bound to the membrane with strong interactions.

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13
Q

osmosis

A

The net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane
from a region of high water potential to a region of lower water potential without the use of ATP.

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14
Q

peripheral membrane protein

A

A type of protein that is weakly bound to the surface of the membrane.

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15
Q

phagocytosis

A

The ingestion of solid material (particularly pathogens and foreign material) by phagocytic cells. example of endocytosis

16
Q

phospholipid

A

A type of lipid formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol, two
molecules of fatty acid and a phosphate group.

17
Q

pinocytosis

A

The bulk uptake of liquids into the cell using energy in the form of ATP. example of endocytosis

18
Q

plasmolysis

A

The effect produced by placing plant cells in a hypertonic solution causing the cell to shrivel from water loss, resulting in the membrane pulling away from the rigid cell wall.

19
Q

simple diffusion

A

The spreading out of substances from a high concentration to a lower concentration (down their concentration gradient) without the use of energy

20
Q

turgid

A

A term used to describe a cell that is swollen due to large amounts of fluid uptake

21
Q

water potential

A

A measure of the tendency of water molecules to move from one area to
another measured in kilopascals (kPa) and given the symbol Ψ.