Biological Functions Flashcards
Energy production & storage?
Carbs
Main carb used for energy production and storage?
Glucose
Building blocks for nucleic acid (DNA and RNA)
Both DNA and RNA possess backbones composed of pentose (5 carbon) deoxyribose, ribose sugar and a phosphate
Triglyceride Structural Feature
A glycerol molecule that is chemically bonded to 3 fatty acid chains, via ester bonds
Triglyceride Biological Function
Long term energy store, insulates the body when stored under the skin in adipose tissue and provides protection to vital organs
Glycogen Structural Features
A polysaccharide composed of many molecules of glucose connected together with glycosidic bonds
Glycogen Biological Function?
Long term energy store in metabolically active cells, such as the liver and skeletal muscle. Vital component for blood glucose regulation.
Enzyme Structural Features?
3D globular structure created from continuous folding of a polypoeptide chain.
Has an indentation - the ‘active site’
Which biomolecule has an indentation?
Enzyme - this acts as the active site
Which biomolecule has an active site?
Enzyme
Enzyme Biological Function?
Biological catalyst working to speed up the rate of chemical reactions within the body.
As a catalyst it is re-suable and specific only to one reaction, known as substrate specificity
What is composed of a glycerol containing phosphate head which is chemically bonded to 2 fatty acid chains, or tails via ester bonds?
Phospholipid
Biological Function of a Phospholipid?
One of the main components of a cell membrane (lipid bilayer)
As a unit these serve to retain cell content and act as a selectively permeable barrier.
What is a hexose sugar (monosaccharide) made up on carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?
Glucose
What has the chemical formula C6 H12 O6?
Glucose
What serves as a source of fuel for cellular respiration, creating ATP for other cellular reactions?
Glucose
What does glucose do?
Provides a source of energy for cellular respiration which creates ATP energy for other cellular reactions
What creates ATP energy for other cellular reactions?
Glucose
What consists of 4 sub units bonded together?
Haemoglobin
What does Haemoglobin do?
Combines with oxygen within red blood cells so the gas can be transported to cells for use in aerobic respiration
What combines with oxygen within red blood cells allowing the gas to be transported to cells for use in aerobic respiration?
Haemoglobin
What does Haemoglobin consist of?
4 sub units that are bonded together - each of these sub units are created from a single polypeptide chain and possess an ion component
