Biological Foundations of Speech and Language - Anatomy/Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Power: Major Structures and Muscles of Interest Inhalation
Diaphragm: large muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen
External Intercostals
Power: Major Structures and Muscles of Interest Exhalation
Internal Intercostals
Layers of abdominal muscles - primarily transverse abdominis
What is Vital Capacity
Greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest possible breath
What Percentage of Vital Capacity is Used in Speaking
Roughly 40-60%
Major Parts of the Larynx (4 cartilage and 1 bone)
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Epiglottis
What do the Vocal Folds do for Pitch
Determines pitch (higher or lower) based on thickness, tension, and length of vocal folds
What do the Vocal Folds do for Intensity
Produced by changes in sub glottal pressure (requires “valving” action at the folds)
5 Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles (3 close, 1 opens, 2 control pitch)
Thyroarytenoid - Close/control pitch
Lateral Cricoarytenoid - Close
Interarytenoid - Close
Posterior Cricoarytenoid - Open
Cricoarytenoid - Control pitch
Major Structures of the Vocal Tract in Lateral View
Trachea
Lungs
Airways
Diaphragm
Parts of Tongue
Tip
Blade
Dorsum (Front, center, back)
Root
3 Sounds in English made with Lowered Velum
“mm”
“nn”
“ng”
Biological Role of Larynx
Helps to keep from choking on food
Provides sound source for our voice
Frontal Lobe (Location and Function)
Front of brain
Initiation, planning, judgment, executive functioning, personality, memory
Parietal Lobe (Location and Function)
Behind frontal lobe, top of brain
Responsible for receiving and processing sensory information, recognizes and integrates information
Temporal Lobe (Location and Function)
Behind frontal lobe, bottom of the brain
Responsible for comprehension of meaningful stimuli, storing and creating new memories, processing memory and emotional reactions
Occipital Lobe (Location and Function)
Back of the brain
Receives visual info from eyes, processes and interprets visual info
Cerebellum (Location and Function)
Below occipital lobe
Helps control and regulate motor activity, control center for movement
Brainstem (Location and Function)
In front of cerebellum, continuous with spinal cord
Relays signals (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, sleeping, etc)
Thalamus (Location and Function)
Above brain stem
All sensory info passes through before arriving at the cerebral cortex
Parts of the Brainstem
Connects spinal cord to cerebrum
Attachment site for most cranial nerves
Primary Motor Cortex (Location and function)
Oriented along last gyrus of frontal lobe
Plays a large role in voluntary motor movement
Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Location and function)
Just behind central sulcus
Receives sensory information
Broca’s Area (Location and function)
Back of frontal lobe
Responsible for expressive language
Wernicke’s Area (Location and function)
Left temporal lobe
Responsible for receptive language (understanding)
