Biological Effects and Radiation Dose

Question 1

What is an Roentgen (R)?

Answer 1

A measure of ionization produced in air by x-ray or Gamma radiation.

Question 2

What is Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD)?

Answer 2

A measure of absorbed dose of any ionizing radiation in terms of energy absorbed per unit mass.

Question 3

What is Roentgen Equivalent Man (REM)?

Answer 3

The unit of the dose equivalent.

Question 4

What is Quality Factor (QF)?

Answer 4

A weighting factor applied to different types of energies or radiation to compare biological impact.

Question 5

What is the Quality Factor for Alpha?

Answer 5

20

Question 6

What is the Quality Factor for Neutron?

Answer 6

Fast Neutron 10

Slow Neutron 2

Question 7

What is the Quality Factor for Beta and Gamma?

Answer 7

1

Question 8

If a person was exposed to doses of 200mR Gamma, 150mRAD Beta, and 75mRAD thermal Neutron what was the total dose in REM?

Answer 8

Gamma: 200mR = 200mRAD X 1 = 200mREM
Beta: 150mRAD X 1 = 150mREM
Thermal Neutron = 75mRAD X 2 = 150mREM
Total 500mREM

Question 9

What types of radiation would be a internal Biological hazard?

Answer 9

Alpha and Beta.

Question 10

What types of radiation would be a external Biological hazard?

Answer 10

Gamma and Neutron

Question 11

What are the possible outcomes of radiation damage to living cells?

Answer 11

No effect on the function of the cell.
Cell death.
Cell Mutation.
Improper Cell reproduction.

Question 12

what is the Tissue sensitivity from most to least,

Answer 12

Lymphoid.
Immature blood cells fond in bone marrow.
Cells lining gastro intestinal canal.
Cells of the Gonads - Testes more than ovaries.
Skin particularly around hair follicles.
Blood vessels.
liver and adrenal cells.
Bone.
Muscle.
Nerve cells.