Biological effects and precautions

Question 1

give basic precautions

Answer 1

NEVER handle sources with bare hands
Alpha and Beta with thick gloves
Gamma by mechanical device
Store in lead containers
training
time / distance / shielding
double distance quarters dose
ALARP
survey meters
EPD
Hygiene
Decon
upwind
PPE

Question 2

Radioactive damage is divided into 2 main areas

Answer 2

Deterministic

Stochastic

Question 3

Define Deterministic effects

Answer 3

occur at high dose rates and severity and effect are proportional to dose rate

Question 4

Define stochastic

Answer 4

probability of effect is proportional to dose rate but the severity is independent of dose
common effect is cancer

Question 5

list some physical effects of deterministic effects

Answer 5

skin reddening
hair loss
impaired fertility
lowered blood count
nausea
vomiting
diarrhea

Question 6

if total dose below 100msv…

Answer 6

no risk of immediate effects

Question 7

list dose rates, probable effect in a table

Answer 7

5msv v. small increase no immediate
overall cancer observable effects

700 threshold 4 temp can b permanent
msv infertility above 3 sv

1sv/1000 threshold for dependant on rate
msv radiation sickness and health

3sv /3000 red skin may appear days after
msv

5 sv/ 5000 probable dep rate and health
msv lethal