Biological Diversity - Topic 2

Question 1

Heritable Traits

Answer 1

Traits that are passed from one generation to another

Question 2

Non-Heritable traits

Answer 2

These traits are acquired

Question 3

Discrete Variation

Answer 3

Characteristics that have a certain form of

Question 4

Continuous Variation

Answer 4

Differences in characteristics that have a range of

Question 5

Environmental Factors and Variation

Answer 5

Environment can influence heritable traits

Question 6

Asexual reproduction: Simple

Answer 6

Involves one parents
Offspring is identical to parent

Question 7

Sexual reproduction: Simple

Answer 7

Involves two parents
Offspring is a mixture of both parents

Question 8

Binary fission

Answer 8

Occurs within unicellular organism like bacteria, protists.
Splits exactly in two meaning identical individuals

Question 9

Protist

Answer 9

Having nuclear membrane

Question 10

Budding

Answer 10

Includes organisms like hydra and yeast
Starts off with parent producing small bud
Bud detaches and grow up to be identical to parent
Some bud stays on parent and form large structure
Coral

Question 11

Spore production

Answer 11

Fungi, green algae, certain mould and plants without flowers produce spores

Parent produces many spores, that will develop into “clones” of parents

Question 12

Spores?

Answer 12

Like seeds but only contain material from one plant

Question 13

Vegetative reproduction

Answer 13

Majority of plants
Does not involve seeds
Take a part of the plant and more offspring are formed
Tuber - Potato
Bulbs - Daffodils and tulip s
Runners - Strawberries

Question 14

Advantages of Asexual reproduction

Answer 14

Does not require gamete’s or ways to bring gametes together

Can easily make offspring quickly

Does not use up much energy

Question 15

Disadvantages of Asexual reproduction

Answer 15

No genetic variation, species can be wiped out if living conditions become unfavourable

Question 16

Sexual reproduction - Within species

Answer 16

Produces normal fertile offspring,
Offspring can eventually make children

Question 17

Sexual reproduction - closely related species

Answer 17

Can reproduce but offspring is normal infertile
Offspring cannot make children

Question 18

Sexual reproduction

Answer 18

Involves two individuals
Individuals don’t have to be male and female
Ex: plants and coral don’t have gender like animals do
Sex cells, aka gametes, join to create a zygote
Offspring is a combination of both parents

Question 19

Sexual Reproduction in Animals - Gender roles

Answer 19

Males animals produce sperm cells

Female produce egg cells (ova)

Question 20

Sexual Reproduction in animals - Fertilization

Answer 20

Sperm and egg cells combine during mating

Question 21

Sexual Reproduction in animals - Zygote

Answer 21

Cell created by fusion of two gametes

Question 22

Cleavage

Answer 22

Process where zygote continue to divide

Question 23

Sexual Reproduction in animals - Embryo

Answer 23

Continuous cell division that leads to new life

Can occur within the female or outside in an egg

Question 24

Sexual reproduction in plants - Gender roles

Answer 24

Focus on flowering plants

Flowers contain both male and female parts

Though some plants only produce one gender’s parts

Question 25

Sexual reproduction in plants - Male

Answer 25

Male gametes called pollen which is found on stamen

Question 26

Sexual reproduction in plants - Female

Answer 26

Female gametes contained in ovules, found on pistil

Question 27

Sexual reproduction in plants - Pollination

Answer 27

Pollen from anther of stamen transferred to stigma of pistil

Question 28

Sexual reproduction in plants - Cross-pollination

Answer 28

Pollen of one plant carried to stigma of another plant via a vector

Question 29

Vector

Answer 29

Winds, insects, animals, etc. Surrogate like thing to help with spread male gametes (pollen) for plant sexual reproduction

Question 30

Sexual reproduction in plants - Cross-fertilization

Answer 30

Pollen produces long tube that goes down the style into ovary of flower that has ovules

Question 31

Sexual reproduction in plants - Result after pollination process

Answer 31

Gamete in pollen joins gamete in ovile and zygote is formed Zygote divide to form embryo Inside seeds is embryo

Question 32

Sexual reproduction in plants - Seeds

Answer 32

Seeds provide protection for embryo and has food Embryo may stay dormant until right growing conditions

Question 33

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 33

Variation due to gametes having variety when picking and combining

Question 34

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 34

Need specialized parts and cells Takes lots of energy In flowers, must protect and mutuate embryo in seeds

Question 35

Reproduce sexually and asexually - Plants

Answer 35

Plants that can reproduce asexually and sexually Via cutting/bulbs/runners Some plants have seeds that don’t have male gametes

Question 36

Reproduce sexually and asexually- Animals

Answer 36

Aphids, small insects - Female produce live female young without fertilization Continue to make more females In fall, produce male and female aphids that will reproduce sexually by forming eggs