Biological Diversity

Question 1

How are bacteria special?

Answer 1

1. Bacterial cell walls are made with peptidoglycan

2. Antibiotics work on bacteria

Question 2

Cynobacteria

Answer 2

Photoautotrophs. Use photosynthesis using CO2 and splitting H2O to produce O2 just like plants. Some species of cynobacteria also fix nitrogen in the soil.

Question 3

Purple Sulfer Bacteria

Answer 3

Photoautotrophs. Use photosynthesis using CO2 but splitting H2S instead of H2O. They thus produce sulfur as a product instead of oxygen. These are the bacteria that will take over the sea if thermohaline circulation stops!

Question 4

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Answer 4

any kind of bacteria that converts nitrogen into ammonia (NH3). Some cynobacteria do this

Question 5

Heterotrophic bacteria

Answer 5

Bacteria that get their organic molecules/energy from other sources. Decomposers, pathogens, parasites.

Question 6

Quorum sensing

Answer 6

A signaling technique that bacteria use to sense how densely they’re packed.

Question 7

Kingdom Protista

Answer 7

Exists more for convenience than anything else; probably more related to convergent evolution than actual evolution.

Question 8

One filament of fungi is called a

Answer 8

hypha

Question 9

A mass of hyphae is called a

Answer 9

mycelium

Question 10

What are the cell walls of fungi made out of?

Answer 10

Chitin

Question 11

How do mycorrhizae (mutualistic relationships between fungi and plants) work?

Answer 11

The fungus grows on the roots of the plant, facilitating the movement of water and minerals. The plant provides sugars.

Question 12

How do lichens (mutualistic relationships between fungi and algae) work?

Answer 12

The alga provides sugar and sometimes nitrogen (if it’s nitrogen-fixing). The fungus provides water and protection from the outside world.