Biological Diversity Flashcards
8 categories of taxonomy
- Domain
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
“Dumb Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Sand”
3 Domains
- Domain Archaea
- Domain Bacteria
- Domain Eukarya
Domain Archaea: also known as _________; they are __________ and are most commonly found in ___ environments. They differ from bacteria, fungi, and plants because they lack ____________, ____________, and ___________ in their cell walls. They also differ in their plasma membrane that has hydrophobic tails that are __________. They are similar to eukaryotes in that their DNA is coiled with _________ and their ribosomal activity cannot be inhibited by ____________ and _____________.
archaebacteria; prokaryotes, wet. peptidogylcan, chitin, cellulose. branched. histones. streptomycin, chloramphenicol.
2 Major groups of Domain Archaea
- Methanogen - obligate aerobes that produce methane as byproduct of obtaining H2 to fix CO2.
- Extremophiles - organisms that live in extreme environments.
a) thermophiles
b) halophiles - “sea, salt”-loving
Domain Bacteria: also known as _________ (true bacteria). Their cell walls are made up of ___________. Ribosomal activity is inhibited by ____________ and ____________.
eubacteria.
peptidoglycan.
streptomycin, chloramphenicol.
5 Categories for kingdoms of the domain bacteria
- Nutrition and metabolism method
- Endospore presence - endospores are non-reproductive bodies with genetic information and cytoplasm that allow survival of bacteria by resistance to harmful conditions.
- Motility - flagella and cilia
- Shape - cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped), spirilla (spiral)
- Gram positive/negative - thick peptidoglycan stains gram positive.
Endospore
non-sexual, resistive bodies of certain bacteria, containing genetic material and cytoplasm; protects from harmful conditions and allows survival of bacteria.
3 shapes of bacteria
1) cocci - round/spherical
2) bacilli - rod-shaped
3) spirilla - spiral
4 common groups of domain bacteria
- Cyanobacteria
- Chemosynthetic bacteria
- Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
- Spriochetes
Cyanobacteria: common group of bacteria that can __________ and have ____________ _ as well as the accessory pigment ___________; also has specialized cells called ___________ that fix _______.
photosynthesize, chlorophyll a, phycobilins;
heterocytes, nitrogen.
Chemosynthetic bacteria: common group of bacteria that can _______ to convert ___ to ___. They are _________ and produce own energy.
nitrify, nitrite (NO2-) to nitrate (NO3-).
autotrophs.
Nitrogen-fixing: common group of bacteria that fix nitrogen and have __________ relationship with plants, living in _____ of plant ___.
mutualistic, nodules, roots.
Spirochetes: common group of bacteria that have _______ and move in a _________ motion.
flagella, corkscrew.
Domain Eukarya contain 4 kingdoms:
1) Protista
2) Fungi
3) Plants
4) Animals
Kingdom Protista contain 3 phylums:
1) algae-like (plant-like)
2) protozoa (animal-like)
3) fungus-like
Algae-like Protista: obtain energy by _______, have _______ _ and other _________ and different __________ ________.
photosynthesis, chlorophyll a, chlorophylls, accessory pigments.
6 groups of algaelike protista:
1) euglenoids
2) dinoflagellates
3) diatoms
4) brown algae
5) rhodophyta (red algae)
6) chlorophyta (green algae)
Euglenoids (“Eugene” the protist with the eyespot and pellicles): ______ protista of _____ domain; have one to three ______ at their _____ end; cell membrane is wrapped by _____; they do not have _____ ______; they have one _______ for phototaxis, which is the ability to ____ in response to _______.
algaelike, eukarya; flagella, apical; pellicles; cell wall; eyespot; move, light.
Dinoflagellates (“Dinof”ish or kind of fish/”D” for dynamic light): algaelike protista that has ____ flagella, is ___________, and are usually found in nerve toxins of _____-_________ fish.
two, bioluminescent, filter-feeding.
Diatoms (atomic bombs have shells but not made out of this material): have _____ (shells) of _____.
tests, silica.
Brown algae: ____-cellular, sperm cells are _______; examples are _____ and ______.
multi, flagellated; kelp, seaweed.
Red algae (____________): has the red accessory pigment ___________. ______-cellular; gametes are not _________.
rhodophyta
phycobilins.
Multi; flagellated.
Green algae (____________): has pigment molecules __________ _ and _; has a _____ _____; stores ___________ as ________. Their gametes have three categories: 1)_________, 2)___________, and 3)_________. They are considered to give rise to plants and ___________ is considered the ancestor of plants.
chlorophyta
chlorophyll a, b; cell wall; carbohydrates, starch.
isogamous (same size gametes), anigamous (different size gametes), oogamous (egg larger and sperm motile).
Charophytes.
Protozoa (Animal-like Protista): are _________ that consume living and dead organisms for energy.
heterotrophs.
4 groups of protozoa protista:
1) rhizopoda
2) foraminifera (forams)
3) apicomplexans
4) ciliates
Rhizopoda: protozoa protista; they are also known as _______ and have pseudo_____ for __________.
amoebas, podias, phagocytosis.
