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Entomology > Biological Control > Flashcards

Biological Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is biological control?

A

any non chemical control

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2
Q

what are some examples/types of biological control? (in general)

A
  • sterilized male
  • natural control
  • mating disruption
  • classical biological control
  • microbial control
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3
Q

How does the release of sterile males work as a biological control?

A

sterile males are released –> females mate with sterile males and do not become fertilized –> no offspring

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4
Q

How are sterile males produced?

A

males are reared in large numbers and radiated enough to sterilize but not kill

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5
Q

In what species has sterilization of males been successful?

A
  • screw worm

- codling moth

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6
Q

What is required for sterilization of males to work?

A
  • assumes males still able to mate
  • high ratio of sterile to fertile
  • limited geographic distribution of bugs (small areas)
  • LOTS of funding = increased taxes
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7
Q

What does sterilization of males work best on?

A

flies but has been tried on moths (codling moth)

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8
Q

How does mating distribution work?

A
  1. identify pheromone used by insect
  2. synthesize + set out pheromone so males cant find real females due to large amount of pheromone
  3. females do not get mated and dont produce offspring
  4. population declines
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9
Q

Pros of mating distribution?

A
  • specific to one type of pest and can be very effective
  • compatible with other controls
  • no toxins
  • no resistance to the method
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10
Q

Mating distribution works well on what?

A

moths

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11
Q

What is natural control?

A

building up natural enemies in an area

  • dont use pesticides
  • provide other food sources (eg: hedge rows)
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12
Q

What insects are used as natural controls?

A
  • lacewings
  • ground beetles
  • spiders
  • parasitic wasp
  • minute pirate bug
    predatory mites
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13
Q

What is inundative control?

A

rear natural enemies in lab and release in field or greenhouse

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14
Q

What is a problem with inundative natural control?

A

intraguild predation

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15
Q

What is intraguild predation?

A

predators may prey on each other and reduce successful control

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16
Q

What is required to minimize intraguild predation?

A
  • systems balanced with different interactions possible
  • lab + field studies
  • must understand ecological relationships between bugs
17
Q

What is biological control?

A

foreign species is introduced and their population rises dramatically. Introduce another foreign species (their natural predators) in order to reduce + stabilize their populations

18
Q

What is an example of the use of biological control? (Problem insect? Introduced insect? Result?)

A

Problem: cottony cushion scale - Introduced: vedalia beetle (ladybug-like) Result: saved citrus industry

19
Q

What are the risks of classical biocontrol?

A
  • hard to predict what introduced species are going to feed on (eg: predator may out-compete native species or prefer to feed on other species than intended)
20
Q

What are the steps of biological control?

A
  1. is the invasive species an ecological or economical problem?
  2. is there sufficient support to initiate a biological control program?
  3. find out basic biology (eg: identify weed properly, literature search etc)
  4. Look for possible agents
  5. Test host plants (look for feeding, egg laying and development
  6. Introduce if everything checks out
21
Q

What can biological control work on?

A
  • introduced insect species

- introduced plant species

22
Q

What is an example of a plant being controlled by biological control? How was it solved?

A

Knapweed -introduced:

  • gall flies which fed on seeds
  • Beetle which fed on roots
  • larinus minutus
23
Q

What is microbial control?

A

use of insect diseases to control pests

24
Q

Pros of using microbial control?

A
  • more specific than chemicals
  • reduced nontraget casualties
  • effective
25
Q

What does bacillus thurigiensis effect?

A
  • lepidoptera
  • coleoptera
  • Mosquitos
26
Q

What are sme advantages of nucleopolyhedrovirus?

A
  • specific to host

- can be used in underdeveloped countries

Entomology (14 decks)

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