Biological Beginnings Flashcards
Threadlike structures that come in 23 pairs, with one member of each pair coming from each parent. Contain the genetic substance of DNA
Chromosomes
A complex molecule that contains genetic information
DNA
Units of hereditary information composed of DNA. Helps cells to reproduce themselves and manufacture proteins that sustain life
Genes
Cellular reproduction in which the cell’s nucleus duplicates itself with two new cells being formed, each containing the same DNA as the parent cell, arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes
Mitosis
A specialized form of cell division that occurs to form eggs and sperm (gametes)
Meiosis
A stage in reproduction when an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell called a zygote
Fertilization
A person’s genetic heritage; the actual genetic material
Genotype
The way an individual’s genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics
Phenotype
A form of intellectual disability that is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. Mild to severe intellectual disability and physical abnormalities.
Down syndrome
An extra X chromosome causes physical abnormalities (only in males)
Klinefelter syndrome (XXY)
An abnormality in the X chromosome can cause intellectual disability, learning disabilities, or short attention span. Occurs mostly in males than females.
Fragile X syndrome
A missing X chromosome in females can cause intellectual disability and sexual underdevelopment
Turner Syndrome (XO)
An extra Y chromosome that can cause above-average height (only in males)
XYY syndrome
Glandular dysfunction that interferes with
mucus production; breathing and digestion are
hampered, resulting in a shortened life span.
Cystic fibrosis
Body does not produce enough insulin, which
causes abnormal metabolism of sugar.
Diabetes
