Biological approach

Question 1

State the three assumptions of the biological approach

Answer 1

1. can only fully understand behaviour if we lock to biological structures and processes within the body
2. our genes, neurochemistry and nervous system are the basis of any psychological process/behaviour
3. human behaviour is genetically determined through the process of evolution and natural selection

Question 2

Explain the difference between a genotype and phenotype

Answer 2

Genotype is an individuals genetic make-up whereas phenotype is the product of what happens once the genotype has interacted with the environment

Question 3

Give two examples of how the genotype has interacted with the environment

Answer 3

1. PKU- rare genetic disorder if left unchecked can cause learning difficulties, but if detected early enough can be controlled through diet
2. how active someone is- fluctuations in weight

Question 4

Explain the difference between MZ twins and DZ twins

Answer 4

MZ twins share 100% of their genes, whereas DZ twins share 50% of their genes

Question 5

Define concordance

Answer 5

The presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins

Question 6

How do twin studies allow us to see the genetic influence on behaviour

Answer 6

• if MZ twins show a higher likelihood of sharing behaviour/disorders than DZ twins - suggests a genetic component
• this is thought to be because the only difference between the two pairs of twins is how genetically similar they are

Question 7

State 4 biological factors which influence behaviour

Answer 7

Genes, neurochemistry, nervous system and evolution

Question 8

What is an example showing the influence of neurotransmitters on our behaviour

Answer 8

Increased levels of dopamine leading to schizophrenia

Question 9

Give two examples of the influence of the nervous system on our behaviour

Answer 9

1. Damage to the limbic system - increased aggression
2. Damage to the Broca’s area - inability to produce speech

Question 10

What is an example of a behaviour that could have become widespread due to evolution

Answer 10

Aggression (MAO-A gene):
- aggression in our ancestry - more able to gather recourses and protect family= more likely to survive
- increased chances of reproduction
- genetics for aggression passed on through generations
- aggression becomes more widespread