Biological Anthropology Exam 1 Study Guide - Short Answer/Fill-In-The-Blank Flashcards
Protein synthesis transcription
promoter region DNA -> mRNA -> ribosome
Penetrance
the likelihood that people with a certain gene will have the same trait (phenotype)
Gene-carrier screening definition
a test that checks if a person carries a gene for a specific inherited disorder.
Limitations of gene-carrier screening
- potential for discrimination
- many rare conditions screened for aren’t well known clinically
- it involves making quality of life judgements
- most people are unprepared
Complimentary bases-pairing: A T C G
U A G C
Protein synthesis translation
start codon tRNA -> amino acid -> protein stop codon
Expressivity
different versions of the same trait
Alternative splicing
intron segments are removed during translation. exon segments combined in different ways.
Heritability is an estimate of the
genetic contribution to a trait.
Hardy Weinburg equilibrium equation
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
- p = % of the dominant allele
- q = % of the recessive allele
Hardy Weinburg equilibrium equation variables
p^2 = % of the population “HH”
2pq = % of the population “Hh”
q^2 = % of population “hh”
Hardy Weinburg equilibrium equation application
- gives expected allele frequencies for future generations
- actual allele frequencies compare expected and observed frequencies to identify evolution
Evolution is
change over time.
Evolutionary theory real world applications
- advertising and marketing strategies
- disease prevention and treatments
- environmental conservation
- sustainable engineering (biomimicry)
Benefits of gene-carrier screening
- most carriers are unaware of their status
- most ppl carry disease-causing recessive alleles - it reduces death and disease caused by recessive alleles
