Biological Anthropology Exam 1 Study Guide - Multiple Choice

Question 1

Anecdotal

Answer 1

weakest type of evidence, based on personal experience.

Question 2

Observational

Answer 2

documenting differences between groups or subjects, establishes correlation, hard to verify causation.

Question 3

Experimental

Answer 3

controlled differences between groups of subjects, “blind” and “double-blind,” good for cause and effect.

Question 4

Aneuploidy

Answer 4

is variations in chromosome number.

Question 5

Monosomy

Answer 5

less than 46

Question 6

Trisomy

Answer 6

more than 46.

Question 7

Translocation

Answer 7

variation in chromosome position
- balanced or unbalanced

Question 8

Characteristics of autosomal dominant

Answer 8

• heterozygotes are affected
• every affected individual has at least one affected parent
• equal likelihood for males and females

Question 9

Characteristics of autosomal recessive

Answer 9

• heterozygotes are unaffected “carriers”
• unaffected parents can have affected offspring
• equal likelihood for males and females

Question 10

Characteristics of x-linked dominant

Answer 10

• only females can be heterozygous
• all daughters of affected fathers are also affected
• no male to male transmission

Question 11

Characteristics of x-linked recessive

Answer 11

• heterozygotes are usually unaffected carriers
• more common in males than in females
• no male to male transmission

Question 12

Does every affected indivdual have an affected parent?

Answer 12

yes = dominant
no = recessive

Question 13

Is there male to male transmission?

Answer 13

yes = autosomal
no = possibly x-linked

Question 14

In terms of natural selection fitness is a measure of

Answer 14

reproductive success.

Question 15

Fitness in natural selection

Answer 15

• the ability to produce and sustain many offspring
• gene variants with a impact on fitness will increase or decrease over time
• fitness depends upon enviornmental circumstances

Question 16

Limits of natural selection

Answer 16

• traits must be genetic
• can only select from variations that already exist in the population
• only acts on traits with a direct impact on reproduction

Question 17

Whether a trait has a selective advantage or not depends on the
_______?

Answer 17

Environment