Biological

Question 1

The Effects of Drugs on Neutransmission

Answer 1

Olds and Milner (1954) (support) - Mice endured pain in order to recieve “reward brain pathway” stimulation (therefore pleasure over pain)

Jones and Stones (1990) (rejects) - Gave cannabis users marijuana or placebo and found NO difference in effect

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

Daly and Watson (1988) (support) - Over time men have developed mate retention to keep hold of partners (abuse)

Question 3

Aggression (brain structure)

Answer 3

Charles Whitman (support) - Tumour pressing on amygdala, killed a few blokes

Raine (support) - Lower activity in amaygdala and PFC in murderers

Question 4

Aggression (Neurotransmitters + Hormones)

Answer 4

Ferrari (2003) (support) (serotonin and dopamine) - rats anticipated fight, dopamine increased and serotonin decreased

Wagner (1979) (support) (testosterone) - Rats not aggressive when balls cut off, but were when injected with testosterone

Barazman (2013) (support) (cortisol) - cortisol correlated with aggressive acts after waking up

Question 5

Psychodynamic theory

Answer 5

Hoffman (1977) (reject) - Females make up small percentage of criminals, therefore can’t have inherently weaker superegos

General supports - high application as it moved away from barbaic treatments and high validity due to case studies

General weaknesses - low generalisability and validity due to case studies, and low reliability due to unscientific concepts

Question 6

Individual, developmental and evolutionary differences in aggression

Answer 6

Freud weak / harsh superego

Brain damage

Evolution

Hormones