Biologic and Related Sciences

Question 1

This is the primary metabolite of dopamine and is usually assessed when examining dopamine activity in the CNS/spinal fluid/blood/urine

Answer 1

Homovanillic acid

Question 2

What part of the MSE is used to test for diffuse cortical degeneration?

Answer 2

3-step-command. Tests for ideational apraxia (inability to put a sequence of skilled acts together in a row, though the individual may be able to do each separate task)

Question 3

___________ refers to an immobile position that is consistently maintained.

Answer 3

Catalepsy

Question 4

_______ is a resistance to any and all attempts to have the patient move or allow himself to be moved, despite no obvious motive for resistance.

Answer 4

Negativism

Question 5

Where is episodic memory sited?

Answer 5

medial temporal lobes, anterior thalamic nucleus, mammillary body, fornix, and prefrontal cortex

Question 6

Where is the site of semantic memory?

Answer 6

inferolateral temporal lobes

Question 7

Where is the site of procedural memory?

Answer 7

basal ganglia, cerebellum, supplementary motor area

Question 8

What receptor is the target of the antimigraine drug sumatriptain?

Answer 8

Serotonin 5-HT1D

Question 9

What receptor is the target of atypical antipsychotics?

Answer 9

D2 dopamine (more d4 than typical antipsychotics) and Serotonin 5-HT6, 5ht2a

Question 10

What serotonin receptor is implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythms?

Answer 10

5-HT7

Question 11

Which serotonin receptor has anxiolytic properties?

Answer 11

5-HT1A

Question 12

_____________ is the inability to integrate a visual scene to perceive it as a whole

Answer 12

Simultagnosia

Question 13

Gertsmann syndrome:

Answer 13

agraphia, acalculia, right-left disorientation, finger agnosia (due to lesions of dominant hemisphere of parietal lobe)

Question 14

What is prospagnosia thought to be due to?

Answer 14

disconnection of left inferior temporal cortices from the visual association area in the left parietal lobe

Question 15

Balint syndrome (bilateral parieto-occipital lesions)

Answer 15

triad of optic ataxia, oculomotor apraxia, and simultanagnosia

Question 16

Anton syndrome

Answer 16

failure to acknowledge blindness (bilateral occipital lobe lesions)

Question 17

Associative visual agnosia

Answer 17

inability to name or use objects despite the ability to draw them (bilateral medial occipitotemporal lesions)

Question 18

Most cases of hereditary Alzheimer disease occurring between the ages of 40 and 50 is due to problems with which gene?

Answer 18

presinilin 1

Note: presinilin 2 and B-APP are responsible for cases AFTER 50

Question 19

What stage of sleep due you see: increase in BP and HR, penile erection, dreaming?

Answer 19

all are REM!!

Question 20

Dysfunction of which area of the brain causes disinhibition, irritability, lability, euphoria, and lack of remorse?

Answer 20

orbitofrontal area (these features are reminiscent of antisocial personality disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, and episodic dyscontrol syndrome)

Question 21

Lesions in the _________ area of the brain lead to deficiencies of planning, monitoring, flexibility, and motivation. They appear inattentive nad undermotivated, cannot plan novel cognitive activity, and exhibit a tendency to linger on trivial thoughts.

Answer 21

dorsolateral

Question 22

On an MRI, what is different between what the finding of “periventricular patches of increased signal intensity” and “patches of increased signal in the white matter, not just periventricular in location” suggest?

Answer 22

periventricular patches = multiple sclerosis (these are the MS plaques)

white matter increased signal, not just periventricular = vascular dementia

Question 23

Put alpha, beta, delta, theta waves in order from lowest ot highest frequency.

Answer 23

delta (3.5-4zHz), theta (4 to 7 Hz), alpha (8 to 13 Hz), beta (13 to 30 Hz)