biolgy test pre ib

Question 1

nucleus

Answer 1

The control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA).

Question 2

mitchocondria

Answer 2

The powerhouse of the cell, producing energy (ATP) through respiration

Question 3

ribosomes

Answer 3

Small structures that synthesize proteins.

Question 4

golgi apparatus

Answer 4

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transpor

Question 5

chloroplasts

Answer 5

Found in plant cells; responsible for photosynthesis.

Question 6

cell membrane

Answer 6

Regulates what enters and exits the cell.

Question 7

cell wall

Answer 7

Found in plant and bacterial cells; provides structure and support.

Question 8

eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

Have a nucleus.
Contain membrane-bound organelles.
Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Question 9

prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

Lack a nucleus; DNA is in the cytoplasm.
Do not have membrane-bound organelles.
Include bacteria and archaea.

Question 10

male hormones and its function

Answer 10

testosterone: Responsible for male reproductive development, muscle mass, and secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 11

female hormones

Answer 11

estrogen, progesterone ,FSH,LH

Question 12

internal fertiliazation

Answer 12

Fertilization occurs inside the female body (e.g., humans, birds, mammals).

Question 13

external fertilization

Answer 13

fertilaztion occurs outside the body, usually in water (e.g., fish, amphibians).

Question 14

endocrine disruption

Answer 14

The interference of chemicals with the endocrine system, leading to hormonal imbalances. This can be caused by pollutants, pesticides, plastics (e.g., BPA), and certain medications.

Question 15

what is the menstrual cycle

Answer 15

The menstrual cycle lasts around 28 days (varies between individuals) and prepares the female body for pregnancy.

Question 16

menstrual cycle day 1-5

Answer 16

The uterus sheds its lining (menstruation).
Estrogen and progesterone levels are low.

Question 17

follicular phase day 1-13

Answer 17

the pituitary gland releases FSH, stimulating follicle (egg) growth.
Estrogen levels rise, thickening the uterine lining and progesterone levels rise

Question 18

ovulation phase day 14

Answer 18

A surge in LH triggers the release of an egg from the ovary.

Question 19

lutuel phase 14- 28

Answer 19

the follicle becomes the corpus luteum, producing progesterone to maintain the uterine lining.
If no fertilization occurs, progesterone drops, triggering menstruation.

Question 20

isotonic

Answer 20

Equal water and solute concentration; no net water movement.

Question 21

hypotonic

Answer 21

Higher solute concentration outside the cell; water moves in, causing the cell to swell.

Question 22

hypertonic

Answer 22

Higher solute outside the cell; water moves out, causing the cell to shrink.

Question 23

facilaited diffusion

Answer 23

Transport of molecules through proteins in the membrane (e.g., glucose transport). doesnt rquire ATP

Question 24

active transport

Answer 24

requires ATP energy. Low to high concentration

Question 25

carbohydrates

Answer 25

energy source(grains)

Question 26

proteins

Answer 26

nuilds and repairs tissues(meat and beans)

Question 27

fats

Answer 27

energy storage(nuts avocado)

Question 28

water

Answer 28

essential for bopdy functions

Question 29

what is passive transport?

Answer 29

movement of molecules thorugh membrane without ATP energy. High to low concentration

Question 30

simple diffusion

Answer 30

small molecules like oxygen and carbon that are smaller so they can just enter the cell without any problems and no ATP energy

Question 31

osmosis

Answer 31

water moves through membrane to balance solute concentration

Question 32

what is estrogen

Answer 32

Estrogen: Regulates the menstrual cycle and secondary sexual characteristics.

Question 33

what is progesterone

Answer 33

Progesterone: Maintains pregnancy and regulates the menstrual cycle.

Question 34

what is FSH

Answer 34

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): Stimulates egg development.

Question 35

what is LH

Answer 35

Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation.