BIOL2 Exam 2 Flashcards
The members of Domain Archaea and Domain Eukarya have this in common
A) membrane-enclosed organelles
B) histone proteins associated with DNA
C) grow at temperatures at or above the boiling point of water
D) branched hydrocarbons in their membrane lipids
E) circular chromosome
Histone proteins associated with DNA
- Out of all three Domains, only Bacteria lack histones. All Eukarya and some Archaea have histones.
Members of which group are all endoparasites?
A) Gram-Positive Bacteria
B) Spirochetes
C) Gymnamoebas
D) Chlamydias
E) Dinoflagellates
D) Chlamydias
Member of Chlamydomonas group, all endoparasites.
Fungal hyphae are characterized by
A) multiple diploid nuclei within each cell.
B) sturdy walls reinforced by lignin that can push through soil or cell walls.
C) extremely rapid mitotic divisions with cytokinesis in multiple meristematic regions.
D) ability to secrete hydrolytic enzymes and absorb nutrients across a large total surface area.
E) small, tubular structures that are 2-3 cells thick and very long
The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that vertical transmission is
transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
A) The first cells appeared on Earth about 350,000 years ago.
B) Prokaryotic life was responsible for a dramatic increase in oxygen concentration in the earth’s atmosphere
before the Phanerozoic Eon.
C) A rock formed with a radioactive isotope loses 1/4 of the parent isotope in 2 half-lives.
D) The Cambrian Explosion represents the origin of the first multicellular organisms.
E) The present-day locations of the continents are different than they were in the ancient past due to the
process of adaptive radiation.
Prokaryotic life was responsible for a dramatic increase in oxygen concentration in the Earth’s atmosphere
before the Phanerozoic Eon.
In the fungus life-cycle,
A) genetically diverse spores are produced only after a zygote is formed.
B) haploid spores are formed only through meiosis.
C) fertilized spores grow into diploid mycelia.
D) diploid spores develop into yeasts.
E) spores remain within the mycelium and are not dispersed.
The genetic recombination that occurs during conjugation in the ciliate Paramecium most directly involves
A) gametes
B) a sex pilus
C) plasmids
D) macronuclei
E) micronuclei
E) micronuclei
Conjugation is the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
A significant portion of oxygen production on our planet is attributed to
A) chlamydias.
B) proteobacteria.
C) archaeans.
D) spirochetes.
E) cyanobacteria.
E) cyanobacteria.
At which stage of a basidiomycete’s life cycle would reproduction be halted if an enzyme that prevented the
fusion of hyphae was introduced?
A) fertilization
B) plasmogamy
C) karyogamy
D) germination
According to the theory for the origin of eukaryotic cells, a chemoheterotrophic eukaryotic ancestor to the
photosynthetic eukaryotes derived photosynthetic organelles from
A) ingestion of a smaller prokaryotic cell.
B) conjugation with a photosynthetic prokaryote.
C) simple pigmented eyespots.
D) transfer of genetic material from a bacteriophage.
E) infoldings of the plasma membrane.
A) ingestion of a smaller prokaryotic cell.
- Eukaryotic ancestors engulfed photosynthetic prokaryotes to obtain photosynthetic organelles through endocytosis
Chitin is a long-chain polymer derived from glucose. It strengthens the cell walls of fungi and the outer covering
(exoskeleton) of arthropods (including crabs, shrimps, and insects). The presence of chitin in these groups is
likely due to ________.
A) horizontal gene transfer
B) paraphyletic evolution
C) convergent evolution
D) secondary endoparasitism
C) convergent evolution
The presence of chitin is an example of an analogous structure since fungi and anthropods don’t have common ancestors.
Fungi have an extremely high surface-to-volume ratio. What is the advantage of this characteristic to an
an organism that gets most of its nutrition through absorption?
A) The high ratio allows for more material to be acquired from the surroundings and transported through the
cell membrane.
B) This high ratio creates more room inside the cells for additional organelles involved in absorption.
C) This high ratio means that fungi have a thick, fleshy structure that allows the fungi to store more of the
food it absorb.
D) The lower volume prevents the cells from drying out too quickly, which can interfere with absorption
13) Regarding the Kingdom Fungi,
A) all multicellular forms have haploid nuclei.
B) the main fungus body is called a mycelium.
C) materials can easily stream through septate hyphae because of large pores.
D) cell walls are reinforced with the polysaccharide chitin.
E) ALL of the above.
Most prokaryotes are chemoheterotrophs. You should expect to find chemoheterotrophic bacteria filling all of
the roles listed below EXCEPT
A) primary producers
B) parasites
C) decomposers
D) nitrogen fixers
E) mutualists
A) primary producers
Most primary producers are plants and they are chemoautotrophs.
A bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan wall, it is considered Gram-______
Gram-positive
Three general characteristics of a virus
Capsid: outer protein coat
Nucleic Acid genome: can be DNA or RNA
Envelope: membrane covering capsid.
3 main hypotheses of the evolution of the virus.
- H1: de-evolution from a more complex form
- H2: escapist/ progressive
- H3: They are the first form
Father of microbiology, discovered protists and bacteria
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
