BIOL Final

Question 1

Monilophyta (phylum) has 2 classes=

Answer 1

Marattiopsida & Polypodiopsida (classes)

Question 2

Monilophyta has an elaborate ___, ___ roots, and are ___phylls

Answer 2

sporophyte, adventitious, mega

Question 3

Megaphylls evolved in ___ ___mya

Answer 3

ferns, 400

Question 4

Why did leaves take ___ mya to develop?

Answer 4

40, Overheating, Needed good vascular system to support leaves?

Question 5

Megaphylls= large leaf with several to many ___,
associated with a leaf ___ or leaf trace ___

Answer 5

veins, gap, gap

Question 6

Two theories of evolution (megaphylls in fern): ___theory: Evolution of structures in plants is due to the
___ acting on the development of the telome (ultimate branch in a dichotomous system) OR Megaphylls evolved from elaboration of ___: enations → microphylls → dichotomous branching →
webbing

Answer 6

telome, environment, microphylls

Question 7

2 extinct orders (in Monilophyta): ___ and ___

Answer 7

Cladoxylales, Coenopteridales

Question 8

Extant Ferns = ___ and ___

Answer 8

Marattiopsida, Polypodiopsida

Question 9

Megaphylls = ___

Answer 9

fronds

Question 10

Fronds = Young leaves usually coiled = ___ = ___ venation

Answer 10

fiddleheads, Circinate

Question 11

(fronds) Clusters of sporangia = ___ on underside of fronds
Sori may be exposed or covered by ___

Answer 11

sori, indusia

Question 12

Most ferns are ___ (except water ferns)

Answer 12

homosporous

Question 13

In many species, spores → ___ (= free-living, bisexual gametophyte)

Answer 13

prothallus (gametophyte stage)

Question 14

Prothallus (heart-shaped)
___ mature 1st
___form near notch

Answer 14

antheridia, archegonia

Question 15

New ___ initially depends on gametophyte

Answer 15

sporophyte

Question 16

Marattiales is part of what phylum?

Answer 16

Monilophyta: Marattiopsida

Question 17

Polypodiales is part of what phylum? They are labeled ___ ferns. They are ___sporous, have ___ roots, and ___ rhizomes.

Answer 17

Monilophyta: Polypodiopsida, true, homo, adventitious, siphonstelic

Question 18

Polypodiales (true ferns) have an ___ in sporangium. As it forms, it inverts as it dries and
then snaps back. Spores are dispersed by ___

Answer 18

annulus, wind

Question 19

Polypodiopsida are ___ ferns

Answer 19

water

Question 20

Salviniales is in the phylum

Answer 20

Polypodiopsida

Question 21

Salviniales has 2 families: ___ and ___

Answer 21

Salviniaceae & Marsileaceae