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BIOL 324 > 6-Leaves > Flashcards

6-Leaves Flashcards

1
Q

Leaves are formed by the…

A

Apical Meristem

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2
Q

Leaves grow at nodes from…

A

Leaf Primordia

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3
Q

What defines a leaf?

A

Auxiliary Bud

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4
Q

Two things that are NOT leave?

A

Enations + Microphylls

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5
Q

What is an enation?

A

-An outgrowth; increases surface area for photosynthesis
-Using no vascular tissue
-Epidermic

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6
Q

What is a microphyll?

A

-small leaves with a SINGLE
strand of vascular tissue
associated with protostele
-NO
leaf gap

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7
Q

What is a macrophyll?

A

True LEAF!
veins, associated
with a leaf gap or leaf
trace gap

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8
Q

What is a leaf gap?

A

Specialized siphonosteles

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9
Q

What is a leaf trace gap?

A

Eustele

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10
Q

Leaf vs. Leaflet

A

extend from stem in VARIOUS planes vs ONE plane/flat (leaflets)

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11
Q

What is a lamina?

A

Leaf blade

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12
Q

What is a petiole?

A

Leaf stem

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13
Q

What is a sessile?

A

Leaf blade attaches directly to stem - no petiole (stem)

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14
Q

What is a sheath?

A

leaves with the leaf base surrounding the stem (in some grasses)

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15
Q

What is a stipule? *in macrophylls

A

flap of tissue surrounding petiole (stem); at BASE of leaf; functions as protection when leaf is small and delicate

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16
Q

What are the two leaf shapes?

A

Simple (blade not divided) + Compound (with leaflets)

17
Q

What are the TWO divisions of a compound leaf?

A

Pinnate
(leaflets arise from rachis)

Palmate
(no rachis)

rachis=main stem

18
Q

Heteroblastic Development *in megaphylls

A

leaf shape (form) changes during PLANT DEVELOPMENT (e.g. eucalyptus, ivy, juniper)

19
Q

Heterophylly Development *in megaphylls

A

leaf shape changes, depending on ENVIRONMENT (e.g. aquatic buttercup)

20
Q

Phyllotaxy (leaf arrangement) determines..

A

branch arrangement

21
Q

The 3 Types of megaphylls…

A

Mesophytes → requires a moist area

Xerophytes → adapted to dry environment

Hydrophytes → adapted to a very wet environment (may be submerged)

22
Q

The epidermis & cuticle in megaphylls helps reduce…

A

water loss!

23
Q

Stomata & guard cells in megaphylls occur more..

A

on LOWER leaf surface
(keep dirt out/avoid evaporation)

24
Q

What are hydathodes? (on epidermis of some species)

A

-Pores in leaf surface (often modified stomata that lack the ability to open and close)
-Allow leakage of water droplets = guttation

25
Q

What is guttation?

A

Allow leakage of water droplets

*not dew, liquid coming off grass; often modified STOMATA. If there’s positive pressure inside plant, will leak out of porous tissue coming out of vein

26
Q

What are trichomes? What is their function?

A

modified epidermal cells (e.g. sundews)

-Defense or reduce water loss
-May be glandular

27
Q

What are bulliform cells? (on epidermis of some grasses)

A

-Cause leaf to curl when it dries.
-Enlarged epidermal cells shrink when dry to help prevent further water loss

28
Q

Palisade parenchyma are where most…

A

chloroplasts are

29
Q

Spongy mesophyll parenchyma are large intercellular spaces; where…

A

gas exchange occurs; porous type of parenchyma

30
Q

Characteristics of shade leafs…

A

low light intensity
– broad and thin
– shallow palisade parenchyma
– thinner epidermis

31
Q

Characteristics of sun leafs…

A

– high light intensity
– small and thick
– more palisade parenchyma.
– thicker epidermis.

32
Q

What is a leaf scar?

A

Where leaf once was.

33
Q

Cladophylls are NOT..

A

leafs (no auxiliary bud at bass)

34
Q

What is a cladophyll?

A

Photosynthetic stem
extensions

35
Q

What is a spine?

A

modified leaf
-Protection from herbivory

36
Q

What is a thorn?

A

modified branch
-Protection from herbivory

37
Q

What is a prickle??

A

modified epidermal
cell
-Protection from herbivory

38
Q

What is a tendril?

A

modified stem or leaf for climbing

BIOL 324 (6 decks)

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