Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 251 Microbiology > BIOL 251 LAB O4 > Flashcards

BIOL 251 LAB O4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is plasmolysis?

A

cell membrane shrinks away from the cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

halophiles

A

grow only in high salt concentrations
5-15%, most are archae & some bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Halotolerant

A

can will grow in moderate range of salt
0-11%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

non-tolerant

A

can only survive in very low salt concentration
0-5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Extreme Halophiles

A

can only grow in high salt concentration environment
15-3-%, dead sea & Great Salt Lake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

osmophiles

A

microbes that can tolerate very high sugar concentrations
High osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anaerobic

A

no oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species)

A

toxic metabolites, has oxygen, can damage DNA
must be inactivated by enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Strict aerobes

A

microbes that rely on oxygen as final electron acceptors for cellular respiration to make ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Facultative Anaerobes

A

microbes that can use oxygen but DON’T require it
can grow w/out oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aerotolerant

A

microbes that can tolerate oxygen
DOESN’T use oxygen to make ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

microaerophilic

A

microbes that REQUIRE oxygen to grow but cannot tolerate high concentrations of oxygen
O2 amount has to be just right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

strict anaerobes

A

microbes that cannot grow when there is oxygen AT ALL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

optimum

A

ideal temperature for an organism to grow best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

minimum

A

lowest temperature for an organism can grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

maximum

A

highest temperature an organism can grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Psychrophiles

A

microbes that only grow below 20c (23-68F)
LOVE THE COLD
found living in antarctic, in the Artic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Psychrotrophs

A

grow at cold temperatures (MILK)
can survive up to 35c (59-77F)
found in refrigerators (Listeria 7 pseudomonas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mesophiles

A

Human/ Animals
adapted to temperatures of 15-45c (59-113F)
Human body (35-40c for pathogens) 95-104F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thermophiles

A

grow at 45-80c (113-176F)
Love HEAT
Hot springs, compost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Extreme Thermophiles

A

can survive at temperatures 80-110c (176-230F)
LOVE EXTREME HEAT
deep ocean, thermal events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Turbidity

A

cloudiness of the liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

absorbance

A

the measure of the amount of light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

spectrophotometer

A

a device that shines a beam of light through a sample to measure the absorbance of light by that sample at a wavelength of 550 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Turgor Pressure

A

water pressing against the cell wall from within
Ex: Balloon filled up w/ water

26
Q

Osmosis

A

movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
Different ->equal concentration

27
Q

Isotonic

A

solute concentration that are equal on either side of membrane
No NET water movement

28
Q

Hypotonic

A

environment has lower solute concentration than cell cytoplasm
water moves into cell= cell swells

29
Q

Hypertonic

A

environment have a higher solute concentration than inside the cell cytoplasm

water leaves cell = cell shrinks

30
Q

Acid Fast Stain

A

differential stain that detects the presence OR absence of mycolic acids in the bacterial cell wall

31
Q

Mycolic acids

A

aids in pathogenesis (virulence factor)
waxy materials composed of fatty acids & fatty alcohols
found in the cell wall of bacteria from genera
Ex: mycobacterium/ Nocardia

32
Q

Mycobacterium Infections

A

mycolic acid is a virulence factor
causes bacteria to clump together make it difficult to treat mycobacterium infections

33
Q

Carbolfuchsin

A

a lipid-soluble, concentrated stain
primary dye to smear for acid-fast stain
turns pink after

34
Q

acid alcohol

A

a decolorizer
5-20 second, will be retained in cell walls

35
Q

Methylene Blue

A

counterstain

36
Q

Re-emerging Infection

A

diseases that reappear after they have been on a significant decline
ex: Lung Infections (mycobacterium tuberculosis)
1/3 world’s population affected

37
Q

Tuberculosis

A

lung infection caused by bacteria
droplets from coughing or sneeze by infected person

38
Q

Leprosy

A

a contagious disease that affects the skin, mucous membrane, and nerves.
causing discolorization lumps on skin, disfigurement (deformities)

39
Q

mycolic acid cell wall

A

found in the cell walls of bacteria from genera

40
Q

presumptive test

A

presence of acid fast bacteria in specimens where infections w/ mycobacterium is suspected

41
Q

Bacteria temperature

A

grows at different temperatures
ranging from below 0-110C

42
Q

Bacteria temperature enzymes

A

bacteria at extreme temperatures must have enzymes whose activity functions at these tempt. or they would not survive

43
Q

thermoduric

A

microbes that are mesophiles but are able to survive at high temperatures (70 or high C) for short period of time
can survive pasteurization Ex: Brucellas, Bacillus

44
Q

water activity

A

the amount of water available for metabolic use

45
Q

Kinyoun method

A

is a cold acid fast stain method that uses a phenolic compound, carbolfuchsin as the primary dye

46
Q

Glycocalyx

A

mixture of polysaccharides & polypeptides
capsule & slime layer also called this

47
Q

capsule

A

well organized & tighly bound glycocalyx
closely surrounds the bacterium

48
Q

slime layer

A

loosely bound glycocalyx
loosely adherent, non-uniform in density & thickness

49
Q

Virulence Factor

A

it increases the likelihood of an infection & disease
Ex: Capsule

50
Q

Phagocytosis

A

capsules allow bacteria to evade

51
Q

opsonization

A

coating bacteria with complement proteins and antibodies to facilitate phagocytosis

52
Q

Endospores

A

structures that form inside some bacteria.
a dormant form of a bacterial cell to survive harsh envirnments

53
Q

Germination

A

making of a new vegetative (reproductive bacteria)

54
Q

Sporulation

A

process of endospores formation begins when there is a signal to turn on spore-forming genes

55
Q

Dipicolinic acid

A

a chemical compound that plays a role in the heat resistance of bacterial endospores

protect DNA from heat denaturation

56
Q

Flagella

A

appendages that allow bacteria to move in their environments

57
Q

Monotrichous

A

single flagella at one pole

58
Q

Lophotrichous

A

several flagella at one pole

59
Q

Amphitrichous

A

one flagellum at each pole

60
Q

Peritrichous

A

many flagella all around the cell

Biol 251 Microbiology (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions