biol 151 Flashcards
An investigation that aims to test a hypothesis or prediction is better known as a(n)
experiment
Statistical significance of experimental results measures the probability that the results occurred
purely by chance
Variables in a treatment that are held constant across all treatment groups are called ———–
variables
standardized, controlled, control, standard, or standardised
Inductive reasoning?
involves the use of details to make an overarching principle or statement
Dr. Bloo notices an absence of coneflowers within 15 feet of a river. She hypothesizes that coneflowers are sensitive to root rot. What type of reasoning did Dr. Bloo use?
is deductive or inductive
Inductive
Microscopic structures within cells that are specialized to carry out specific functions are called which of the following?
Capsules
Organs
Tissues
Organelles
Organelles
_____________ is the scientific study of living things.
Biology
Which of the following is not a characteristic of life?
All organisms maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.
All organisms are multicellular and grow by producing new cells.
All populations are the product of evolution and have the potential to continue evolving.
All organisms take in energy and use it to perform many types of work.
All organisms are multicellular and grow by producing new cells.
______________ are groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit.
Tissues
Which of the following statements about living things are true?
Multiple select question.
All living things perform take in energy and use it to perform work.
All living things can actively move in response to changes in the environment.
All living things require oxygen to power their metabolic needs.
All living things maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.
All living things are made of one or more cells.
All living things perform take in energy and use it to perform work.
All living things maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment.
All living things are made of one or more cells.
Which of the following organisms are unicellular?
Multiple choice question.
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
Bacteria
All populations of a particular kind of organism together form a(n) Blank______; its members are similar in appearance and able to interbreed.
Multiple choice question.
community
organ system
species
ecosystem
species
Which of the following is an example of an emergent property?
Multiple choice question.
The human heart has four chambers.
The human heart pumps blood throughout the body.
The human heart contains valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
The human heart is made up of cardiac muscle cells.
The human heart pumps blood throughout the body.
An assemblage of populations of different species that live together in one place is called a biological
community or communities
Many biologists are currently working towards cataloguing and classifying all life on Earth. This is an example of Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
hypothesis testing
deductive science
descriptive science
descriptive science
When scientists apply general principles to predict specific results, they are using ___________
deductive
levels of organization of living things in the correct order, starting with the least inclusive at the top.
Organism
population
species
community
ecosystem
biosphere
Choose all general assumptions made by scientists.
Multiple select question.
The Universe can never be completely described.
The universe’s fundamental properties have not changed since its inception.
All natural forces acting now have always acted.
The fundamental nature of the Universe is in constant flux.
The universe’s fundamental properties have not changed since its inception.
All natural forces acting now have always acted
Which of the following would be an example of descriptive biology?
Multiple choice question.
Sequencing the human genome
Determining the function of a specific gene
Altering a defective gene in order to prevent a genetic disorder
Determining how the activity of genes is regulated
Sequencing the human genome
When testing alternative hypotheses, scientists usually have a(n) _______ group, in which a variable of interest is kept constant, and a(n) _________ treatment, in which the variable of interest is altered.
control
experimental
The philosophical approach of understanding a complex system by reducing it to its working parts is called ______
reductionism, reductionist, or reduction
Reductionism has limits when applied to living systems. Select systems that would be difficult to study using reductionism.
Multiple select question.
Explaining the function of the ribosome by looking at the sequence of all the proteins that make it up
Studying the interactions between an individual enzyme and its substrate
Explaining the flocking behavior of Canada geese by looking at individual birds
Explaining the function of the ribosome by looking at the sequence of all the proteins that make it up
Explaining the flocking behavior of Canada geese by looking at individual birds
order to isolate the effect of a single variable in an experiment, scientists design control groups, in which Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
only the variable of interest is measured
the variable of interest is kept constant
all variables, other than the variable of interest, are altered in a systematic way
the variable of interest is altered
the variable of interest is kept constant
Experiments are designed to test which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
Observations
Predictions
Laws
Theories
Predictions
The emerging field of Blank______ biology focuses on studying living organisms as a whole as well as understanding the workings of the parts of an organism.
Multiple choice question.
systems
reductionism
chemical
molecular
systems
Models are useful in biological research for which of the following reasons?
Multiple select question.
They can help us see the larger picture by showing how the different components of a complex system fit together.
They may suggest experiments that can be performed to refine or test the model.
They provide a way to organize how we think about a problem.
They eliminate the need to study all of the individual components of a complex biological system.
They provide a way to reject hypotheses without performing experiments.
They can help us see the larger picture by showing how the different components of a complex system fit together.
They may suggest experiments that can be performed to refine or test the model.
They provide a way to organize how we think about a problem
The theory of _________ permeates all areas of modern biology and provides a conceptual framework that unifies biology as a science.
evolution
Information gleaned from basic scientific research provides the scientific knowledge that is necessary for ___________
research. This type of research is often carried out in industry.
applied
In his book An Essay on the Principle of Population, Thomas Malthus argued that Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
the human population tends to increase geometrically, while the food supply increases arithmetically
the human population tends to increase arithmetically, while the food supply increases geometrically
both the human population and its food supply increase geometrically
both the human population and its food supply increase arithmetically
the human population tends to increase geometrically, while the food supply increases arithmetically
In ___________ selection, breeders select certain varieties of animals and plants to produce new varieties with specific desired characteristics
Artificial
Which scientist arrived at the idea of natural selection at the same time as Charles Darwin?
Multiple choice question.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Alfred Wallace
Thomas Malthus
Louis Pasteur
Alfred Wallace
_____________ research, generally performed by scientists at colleges and universities, extends the boundaries of what we know
Basic
Darwin predicted that scientists should be able to find intermediate, or transitional ________________ that show links between great groups of organisms (for example between fishes and amphibians).
fossils, fossil, species, or forms
Which of the following sentences best summarizes Darwin’s thinking about the mechanism of evolution?
Multiple choice question.
Within a population, individuals with certain characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce and as a result the population as a whole gradually changes over time.
Individuals in a population mate randomly and as a result, the population as a whole changes in unpredictable ways over time.
Within a population, stronger individuals outcompete weaker individuals and as a result, the population as a whole improves over time.
Within a population, individuals with certain characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce and as a result the population as a whole gradually changes over time.
Our current estimates state that the Earth is about Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
100 million years old
4.5 million years old
4.5 billion years old
100 billion years old
4.5 billion years old
Alfred Russel ____________ and Charles Darwin are the scientists who pioneered the idea of natural selection as a means of evolution in the mid-1800s
Wallace
The wings of birds and butterflies have similar functions but do not have the same evolutionary origins. These are called ___________ structures
analogous
As populations undergo evolutionary change over time, there is continual accumulation of changes in their _________
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acids, genetic material, genes, genome, genomes, or genetic make up
If two molecules isolated from different organisms have very similar structures, the most reasonable hypothesis is which of the following?
Multiple choice question.
The organisms live in similar environments.
The molecules perform similar functions.
The molecules perform different functions.
The organisms are distantly related.
The molecules perform similar functions.
Bones in different vertebrates are __________ if they have the same evolutionary origin but now differ in structure and function.
homologous
One way in which living things can encode information is through the sequence of nucleotides in Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
proteins
DNA
sugars
lipids
DNA
The genome of a cell is the collection of all of its Blank______.
DNA
Genes, which are the molecular units of heredity, are composed of specific sequences of four different ____________
found in DNA.
nucleotides, nucleotide, bases, base, nitrogenous bases, or nitrogenous base
The collection of all the genetic material (the DNA) in a cell or organism is called the __________
genome
The information stored in ____________ molecules is used to direct the synthesis of cellular components
DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
The first living things on Earth probably appeared about 3.5 billion years ago and most likely were Blank______.
Multiple choice question.
modern day bacteria
organelles
simple cellular creatures
modern day archaea
simple cellular creatures
Which of the following describes homeodomain proteins?
They are not important to the function of modern organisms.
They have been conserved in a long line of descent.
They have evolved greatly in a long line of descent.
They do not exist in modern organisms.
They have been conserved in a long line of descent.
Which of the following were the first living organisms on Earth?
Multiple choice question.
Animal cells
Simple viruses
Plant cells
Primitive cells
Primitive cells
