BIOL 1361 Chapter 1 Vocab

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones; also defined more narrowly as the change in the genetic composition of a population from generation to generation

Question 2

Biology

Answer 2

the scientific study of life

Question 3

Emergent Properties

Answer 3

new properties that arise with each step upward int he hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

Question 4

Systems Biology

Answer 4

an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of while biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system’s parts

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 5

a type of cell with a mebrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; organisms with eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes

Question 6

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 6

a type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. organisms with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes

Question 7

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

Answer 7

a nucleic acid molecule, usually a double-stranded helix, in which polynucleotide strand consists of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and nitrogenous bases

Question 8

Gene(s)

Answer 8

a discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA/RNA

Question 9

Gene Expression

Answer 9

the process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, or in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and instead function as RNAs

Question 10

Genome

Answer 10

the genetic material of an organism or virus, the complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes along with its noncoding nucleic acid sequences

Question 11

Genomics

Answer 11

the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species

Question 12

Bioinformatics

Answer 12

the use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets

Question 13

Bacteria

Answer 13

one of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Archaea

Question 14

Archaea

Answer 14

one of two prokaryotic domains, the other being Bacteria

Question 15

Eukarya

Answer 15

the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms

Question 16

Natural Selection

Answer 16

a process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits

Question 17

Science

Answer 17

an approach to understanding the natural world

Question 18

Inquiry

Answer 18

the search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions

Question 19

Data

Answer 19

recorded observations

Question 20

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 20

a type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations

Question 21

Hypothesis

Answer 21

a testable explanation for a set of observations based on the available data and guided by inductive reasoning. a hypothesis is narrower in scope than a theory

Question 22

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 22

a type of logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise

Question 23

Controlled Experiment

Answer 23

an experiment in which an experimental group is compared with a control group that varies only in the factor being tested

Question 24

Theory

Answer 24

an explanation that is broader in scope than a hypothesis, generates new hypothesis, and is supported by a large body of evidence

Question 25

Technology

Answer 25

the application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose, often involving industry or commerce but also including uses in basic research