biofuel and production Flashcards
what is the role of Fusarium fungus in the production of mycoprotein
it converts starch to protein
what is the mechanism of fermentation for quorn production
it is a continuous fermentation mixed by varied density rather than mechanically
what is the role of mixing in quorn production
it aligns the fungal strands which creates a meat-like texture
what is the role of freezing in quorn production
ice crystals form which forces fibres into bundles, resembling muscle fibres
define biofuel
energy from materials from recently dead biological sources
what are the two methods of biofuel production and what are the ideal fuel types for each
fermentation of high sugar plants or burning of high oil plants
what are the main problems with biofuel (4)
low yield, low demand, high cost, competition for cropland
what are the advantages and disadvantages of bioethanol
it is less toxic but is expensive, volatile, corrosive and uses crop land
what are the advantages and disadvantages of biobutanol
it is higher in energy, less corrosive and can be used in petrol at a higher concentration but is toxic to the producing organism so there is low yield and high cost
what is consolidated bioprocessing CBP
organisms both degrade lignocellulose and ferment the sugar into fuel
what is the volume range in testing vs production
1L testing volume to over 1000L industrial production volume
what are the limiting factors when increasing scale (6)
oxygen access, SA:vol ratio, regulating pH, regulating temperature, competition and toxin production
what are the ways in which organism selection can improve fermentation processed (7)
non pathogenic, strain selection, high yield, easy harvest, genetically stable, cheap growth and fast growth
what are the two stages of fermentation and briefly what do they entail
upstream (input, strain improvement and large scale growth) and downstream (output, concentration and purification)
what are the upstream challenges (6)
batch vs continuous, aerobic vs anaerobic, pathogenicity, need for cultures to inoculate, consistency and amplification of all problems due to scale increase
