BIOETHICS and RESEARCH

Question 1

Study of the ethical, social, and legal issues that arise from biomedicine and biomedical research.

Answer 1

BIOETHICS

Question 2

Issues in healthcare

Answer 2

Medical Ethics

Question 3

Issues “at the bedside” when caring for the patient

Answer 3

Clinical Ethics

Question 4

Issues in daily nursing practice and ethical judgments

Answer 4

Nursing Ethics

Question 5

Issues when conducting research

Answer 5

Research Ethics

Question 6

Issues in environment and human activities

Answer 6

Public Health Ethics

Question 7

The modern code of ethics after the end of World War II in order to deal with war crimes trials in Nuremberg

Answer 7

THE NUREMBERG CODE

Question 8

Of the human subject is absolutely essential

Answer 8

VOLUNTARY CONSENT

Question 9

This should be the purpose of an experiment—to yield fruitful results to advance medicine and not for selfinterest

Answer 9

RESULTS FOR
SOCIETY’S GOOD

Question 10

History of problem under study to
justify performance of experiment

Answer 10

PRIOR ANIMAL
EXPERIMENTATION

Question 11

Conduct experiment by all means avoiding unnecessary physical and mental suffering or injury

Answer 11

AVOID UNNECESSARY
PAIN

Question 12

No experiment should be conducted where there is a prior reason to believe that death or disabling injury will occur; except, perhaps, in those experiments where the experimental physicians also serve as subjects

Answer 12

NOT WHEN DEATH
MAY OCCUR

Question 13

Should not exceed that which is determined by the humanitarian
importance of the problem to be
solved by the experiment.

Answer 13

DEGREE OF RISK

Question 14

Proper preparations should be made and adequate facilities be provided to protect the experimental subject against even the remote possibilities of injury, disability, or death

Answer 14

PREPARATIONS

Question 15

The experiment should be conducted only by scientifically qualified persons. The highest degree of skill and care should be required through all stages of the experiment of those who conduct or engage in the experiment

Answer 15

QUALIFIED

Question 16

During the experiment, the human subject should be at liberty to bring the experiment to an end if he/she has reached the physical or mental state where continuation of the
experiment seems to him/her to be impossible

Answer 16

LIBERTY

Question 17

During the experiment the scientist in charge must be prepared to terminate the experiment at any stage, if he/she has probable cause to believe, that a continuation of the experiment is likely to result in injury, disability, or death to the experimental subject.

Answer 17

TERMINATION

Question 18

Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects

Answer 18

THE DECLARATION OF HELSINKI

Question 19

Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research

Answer 19

The Belmont
Report

Question 20

Evidence-based practice is a conscientious, problem-solving
approach to clinical practice that incorporates the best evidence
from well-designed studies, patient values and preferences, and a
clinician’s expertise in making decisions about a patient’s care

Answer 20

ETHICAL ISSUES IN EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE

Question 21

When a decision creates conflict with society’s moral principles

Answer 21

ETHICAL ISSUES

Question 22

something legally submitted to ascertain in the truth of matter

Answer 22

EVIDENCE

Question 23

use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the patients

Answer 23

PRACTICE

Question 24

Some types of knowledge are not
included in the evidence-based practice

Answer 24

Missed knowledge

Question 25

Evidence-based practice runs counter to patient-centered care

Answer 25

Counter-care

Question 26

Testable by Randomized Controlled Trials is not the same as “most effective”.

Answer 26

Most effective

Question 27

Decisions based on Evidencebased practice can be unjust.

Answer 27

Unjust

Question 28

Two or more clear principles apply but they support inconsistent courses of action

Answer 28

DILEMMA

Question 29

When the nurse is unsure which moral principle to apply, or even what the problem is. Common with new nurses

Answer 29

MORAL UNCERTAINTY
+ CONFLICT

Question 30

When the nurse knows the right thing to do but organizational constraints keep them from doing it

Answer 30

MORAL DISTRESS

Question 31

An individual witnesses an immoral
act by another but feels powerless to stop it.

Answer 31

MORAL OUTRAGE

Question 32

Branch of ethics provides guidelines in conducting research ethics

Answer 32

research ethics

Question 33

Establish in 1947 carried world war II, horrific unethical experiment by german physician

Answer 33

nuremberg code

Question 34

Report entitled “ ethical and principle and guidelines of protection of human report”

Answer 34

the belmont report