Bioethics

Question 1

What is the definition of fertility and what are the alternatives to fertility treatment?

Answer 1

Fertility is the natural ability of humans to reproduce

Surrogacy - a woman carries and gives birth to a baby for another person or couple. The surrogate mother might be the baby’s genetic mother if she provided the ovum. Alternatively, she could be completely unrelated to the baby, eg if an already fertilised ovum or
embryo was placed in her womb.

Adoption – a single person or couple take on legal and parental responsibilities for bringing up a child who was born to someone else.

Question 2

What organisation provides IVF, artificial insemination and the storage of human eggs, sperm or embryos?

Answer 2

HFEA - Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority

Question 3

What is partial surrogacy (traditional surrogacy)

Answer 3

When the eggs of the surrogate are used and may be fertilised using donor sperm

Question 4

What is gestational surrogacy

Answer 4

This form of surrogacy does not use the surrogates own eggs and she will have no genetic link to the baby she is carrying

Question 5

What does the church teach about IVF

Answer 5

Roman Catholic - teaching supports the view that a marriage relationship should be open to children, but in a way that is in line with God’s intention for the creation of new life. Human beings should not be created in a laboratory. Processes which lead to thedestruction of embryos are immoral, as human life begins at conception. In addition, the possible introduction of a third person into the marriage relationship is seen as adultery and is therefore wrong.

The Church of England - is not against the use of IVF techniques. However, the Church has expressed concern about whether treatment should be offered to same-sex couples and single women.

The Methodist Church - Believes it is right for scientists to try to learn more about the causes and cures of infertility. It accepts the use of ‘spare’ embryos in medical research, but only up to 14 days after fertilisation.

Question 6

Who are the ‘victims’ of war?

Answer 6

Casualties of war/battlefield - physical or mental injuries/scars

Citizens within the country at war

Those conscripted - hopes for the future (education + family)

Countries relying on trade

Allied countries

Refugees

Political leaders

Child soldiers - grooming, trafficking, indoctrinated