bioethics

Question 1

ethics

Answer 1

a working system of moral principles that help us question our actions and those of others while defending our own values, beliefs, and principles.

Question 2

bioethical issue 

Answer 2

an ethical dilemma pertaining to biology that typically involves a decision–making process between two or more choices or options for an action

Question 3

consequences–based approach 

Answer 3

an approach to bioethics that aims to maximise positive outcomes while minimising negative outcomes

Question 4

duty– and/or rule-based approach 

Answer 4

an approach to bioethics that promotes the responsibility of the agent above all else, and places importance on the duty of each individual

Question 5

virtues–based approach

Answer 5

an approach to bioethics that emphasises the individual goodness of the agent, and promotes acting in accordance
with the values of a ‘moral’ person, such as honesty and compassion

Question 6

Approach the issue

Answer 6

Identifying the issue
Why is this an important bioethical concern?
Why are we considering this?

Exploring the issue in the context
What situational factors surround the issue?
What do we need to be aware of?

Considering different perspectives
Who are the stakeholders involved in this issue?
What do they think and how might this affect them?

Deciding on a position or course of action
What is the most ethical way to proceed?
What position am I going to take on this issue?

Reflecting on the chosen course of action
How did my position or course of action affect stakeholders?
What was the impact of my judgment?
Do I need to revise my position?

Question 7

integrity 

Answer 7

an ethical concept that encourages a full commitment to knowledge and understanding as well as the honest reporting of all sources of information and results

Question 8

justice 

Answer 8

an ethical concept that encourages fair consideration of competing claims, and ensures that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action

Question 9

beneficence 

Answer 9

an ethical concept that seeks to maximise benefits when taking a particular position or course of action

Question 10

non–maleficence 

Answer 10

an ethical concept that discourages causing harm – or when harm is unavoidable, ensuring that the harm is not disproportionate to the benefits from any position or course of action

Question 11

respect 

Answer 11

an ethical concept that encourages the acknowledgment of the intrinsic value of living things, and considers the welfare, beliefs, customs, and cultural heritage of both the individual and the collective