Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water > Glucose + Oxygen.
What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Carbondioxide concentration, temperature and light intensity.
In photosynthesis, what is meant by a ‘limiting factor’?
A factor preventing the rate of photosynthesis increasing.
What are the uses of glucose in plants?
Glucose can be converted into starch (supports growth), fat (sources of energy), cellulose (maintaining plant stability) and amino acids (stimulate plant growth).
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen > Carbon dioxide + Water.
What are the uses of energy from respiration?
Chemical reactions build larger molecules, movement and keeping warm.
What are the two word equations for anaerobic respiration?
Glucose > Lactic acid.
Glucose > Carbon dioxide + Ethanol.
What are the changes in the body during exercise?
The heart rate, breathing rate and breath volume increase during exercise to supply the muscles with more oxygenated blood and glucose for aerobic respiration. If insufficient oxygen is supplied, anaerobic respiration takes place in muscles. This causes a build-up of lactic acid and creates an oxygen debt. During long periods of vigorous activity, muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently.
What are the short-term effects of exercise?
An increase in heart rate and breathing rate.
What are the long-term effects of exercise on the heart and lungs?
An increase in lung volume and heart stroke volume (more blood can be pumped).
What is metabolic rate?
The rate of chemical reactions in cells.
What reactions does metabolism do?
Catabolic (breaking down) and anabolic (building up) reactions in the body.
