bioenergetics Flashcards
endo or exo and why?
- photosynthesis
- respiration
photosynthesis- endothermic- energy transferred from surroundings to chloroplast- light
respiration- releases energy
word equation photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water -light/chorophyll> glucose + oxygen
balanced sybol equation for photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20 -light/chlorophyll> C6H12O6 + 6O2
factors that affect rate of photosynthesis and the effect
-
light intensity- higher the li, higher the rate
-temperature- low temp-> less energy -> less frequent collisions/high temp-> enzymes denature - carbon dioxide conc- the more, the faster rate
- chlorophyll- increased no. chlorplasts -> increased rate
what is a limiting factor?
environmental condition that restricts rate of photosynthesis at low levels
how to work out light intensity?
inverse square law
1/d^2
au
how are limiting factors controlled in greenhouse
- light intensity -> artifical light for dark and winter
- temperature -> ventilation to stop getting so hot
- CO2 -> paraffin heater
why are limiting factors important in the economics of enancing conditions in greenhouses?
to gain max rate of photosynthesis while still maintaning profits
5 uses of glucose in plants
- respiration
- converted into starch for storage
- produce fat or oil for storage
- produce cellulose
- combines with nitrate ion to form amino acids- producing protein
what do organisms need energy for?
- chemical reactions to build larger molecules froom smaller
- muscle contraction for movement
- keeping warm
word equation for aeriobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
where does aerobic respiartion take place?
mitochondria
when does anerobic respiration occur?
when there is an insufficient supply of oxygen, but glucose breaks down anyways
equation for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose -> lactic acid
equation for anaerobic respiration in plants & yeast
glucose -> ethano + carbon dioxide
what is anaerobic respiration in yeast called?
fermentation
why is fermentation in food & drink industry?
- helps dough rise in bread (CO2 prodcution)
- to make alcoholic drinks (ethanol)
anaerobic vs aerobic respiration
- where?
- oxygen?
- products
- energy released
- glucose production
- anaerobic- cytoplasm / aerobic- mitochondria
- anerobic- not needed / aerobic- needed
- anaerobic - lactic acid (animals), CO2 + ethanol (plants & yeast) / aerobic- CO2 + H2O
- anaerobic- little / aerobic- alot
- anaerobic- incomplete / aerobic- complete
when excerising, how does the body supply the oxygen
- breathing rate and volume increase
- heart rate increases
what happens if excersing vigorously?
body may not be able to supply sufficient oxygen to meet energy demands-> anaerobic respiration -> lactic acid produces -> oxygen debt -> breathing heavily, fatigued muscles
why does oxygen debt happen with anaerobic respiration in body?
lactic acid is reacted with oxygen to remove it from the cells
so therefore more oxygen is needed
what happens to the lactic acid
- either oxidised -> CO2 + water
- transported via blood to the liver where it is converted into glucose
what is metabolism defined as?
sum of all reactions in a cell or the body
