Bioenergetics Flashcards
1st law of thermodynamics
Energy can not be created or destroyed. only changed to different forms
Principal carrier of energy for all life forms
ATP (adenosine 5’-triphosphate)
two forms of energy from breaking down food
free energy and heat energy
Energy efficiency of aquatic organisms is high due to:
- No maintenance of body heat
- Less energy required for maintenance of position in water
- efficient nitrogen metabolism
Respiratory Quotient
CO2 produced/O2 consumed
Why do proteins and lipids have lower RQs than carbohydrates?
Lower oxygen content in the molecules compared to CHO that has a 1:1 C:O
Maintenance Energy
Amount of energy required to maintain idle body in energy equilibrium
Basal metabolism
energy expended by animal that is completely relaxed and at rest in post absorptive state
resting metabolism
same as basal but not in post absorptive state
Heat increment
the calorigenic action of food, largely attributed to protein metabolism; also called specific dynamic action
Digestible Energy
Tells how efficient food is.
Most important value in determining nutritional value of feed stuffs
Glycogen
storage of glucose in liver and muscle
three irreversible steps in glycolysis
Pyruvate from PEP
Fructose-1,6-diPO4 from fructose-6-PO4
Glucose-6-PO4 from glucose
Gluconeogenesis from Lactate
Lactate from muscle is transported in blood to liver for conversion back to glucose
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Occurs in cytosol
Two Major Functions:
Generate NADPH for synthetic reactions
Production of Pentose sugars ex.ribose
3-7 carbon CHO can be synthesized or interconverted
