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FM1030 Biochemistry > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Bioenergetics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Gibb’s Free Energy?

A

Amount of energy capable of doing work during a reaction at constant pressure and temperature

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2
Q

What is enthalpy?

A

Heat content of reacting system

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3
Q

What is entropy?

A

Quantitative expression for the randomness or disorder of a system

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4
Q

What effect do enzymes have on the change of free energy?

A

There is no effect

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5
Q

What factors do actual free change depend on?

A

Standard change in free energy
Actual concentrations of products and reactants

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6
Q

What is the change in free energy also a measure of?

A

Driving force

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7
Q

What quality do standard free energy changes have?

A

They are additive

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8
Q

Is the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate or the opposite reaction energetically favourable at standard conditions?

A

Fructose-6-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate is the energetically favourable reaction at standard conditions

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9
Q

What can ATP do to an energetically unfavourable reaction?

A

Make it energetically favourable

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10
Q

What are thioesters?

A

Molecules with ester bonds containing a sulphur atom rather than the typical oxygen atom

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11
Q

What quality do thioesters have?

A

They have large, negative, standard free energies for hydrolysis

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12
Q

Is the hydrolysis of esters or thioesters more favourable?

A

Thioesters

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13
Q

What does Coenzyme A donate?

A

Acyl groups

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14
Q

What is Acetyl CoA used for?

A

Synthesis of fatty acids
Entering 2 carbon molecules into metabolic pathways

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15
Q

How many steps are usually in ATP hydrolysis?

A

2 - donation and conversion

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16
Q

What does PEP stand for?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

17
Q

What is the favourable reaction occurring with PEP?

A

PEP + ADP -> ATP + pyruvate

18
Q

What happens during reactions using hydrogenases as an enzyme?

A

Transfers of protons and hydrides

19
Q

How are electrons transferred during REDOX reactions?

A

From lower to higher electron affinities (reduction potential)

20
Q

How does NAD+ get converted to NADH?

A

Accepts a hydride ion
Releases the proton afterward

21
Q

What do flavin cofactors do?

A

Permit the use of oxygen molecules as final electron acceptors

22
Q

What biomolecule are flavin cofactors tightly bound to?

A

Proteins

FM1030 Biochemistry (4 decks)

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