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GCSE Biology Paper 1H (AQA) > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Bioenergetics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO(2) + 6H(2)O –> C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)

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3
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

endothermic

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4
Q

Why is photosynthesis an endothermic reaction?

A

As the reaction takes heat/energy/sunlight in.

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5
Q

What are factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, chlorophyll concentration

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6
Q

If a greater temperature increases the rate of photosynthesis, why does temperature become a limiting factor at some point?

A

Because the enzymes controlling photosynthesis have been destroyed/denatured due to too much heat.

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7
Q

How does increasing the amount of CO(2) increase the rate of photosynthesis?

A

As CO(2) is needed in the reaction and therefore more of it would increase the rate of reaction.

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8
Q

What is a limiting factor in relation to photosynthesis?

A

A factor that may prevent the reaction from going faster.

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9
Q

What is an example of a limiting factor in relation to photosynthesis?

A

Light intensity: if there is not enough light, the rate of reaction will slow.

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10
Q

Suggest an experiment to determine the effects of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis using an aquatic organism.

A

Place your aquatic organism (usually pondweed) in a beaker and shine light onto it from a specific distance away.
Record the number of gas bubbles coming from the plant in a minute.
Repeat this process where the light is at different lengths.

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11
Q

When light intensity is studied, doubling the distance between the light and the pondweed will reduce the light intensity by a quarter. What is this called?

A

inverse square law

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12
Q

When glucose is produced in photosynthesis, what may the plant convert it into?

A

insoluble starch (stored in stems, leaves or roots), fat or oil (stored in seeds), cellulose (to strengthen cell walls), proteins (for growth and enzymes)

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13
Q

How does a plant produce proteins from glucose?

A

It uses nitrate ions, which is absorbs from the soil.

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14
Q

What type of reaction is respiration?

A

exothermic

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15
Q

Why is respiration an exothermic reaction?

A

It releases energy from glucose molecules for the body.

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16
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

17
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2) –> 6CO(2) + 6O(2)

18
Q

Why does anaerobic respiration produce less energy than aerobic respiration?

A

The glucose is not completely broken down, so less energy is transferred.

19
Q

What is the product formed in anaerobic respiration in animals?

A

lactic acid

20
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

21
Q

What is anaerobic respiration called in yeast cells?

A

fermentation

22
Q

What industry is fermentation important for?

A

alcohol

23
Q

Why does the rate of respiration increase during exercise?

A

More energy is needed to supply oxygen to the muscles.

24
Q

What causes an oxygen debt?

A

When anaerobic respiration causes a build-up of lactic acid in the muscles.

25
Q

How is an oxygen debt ‘repaid’?

A

The blood flow takes away the lactic acid to the liver, where it is broken down. Once this is removed, the body can replenish its oxygen with aerobic respiration.

26
Q

What is lactic acid?

A

Lactic acid is a poison that comes from anaerobic respiration. It builds up in muscles and causes pain and hinders their contraction.

27
Q

What does metabolism mean?

A

The sum of all chemical reaction in the body.

28
Q

What are examples of chemical reactions that happen in the body?

A

Conversion of glucose to starch/glycogen/cellulose, formation of lipid molecules from glycerol and fatty acids, the use of glucose and nitrate ions to synthesise proteins.

GCSE Biology Paper 1H (AQA) (4 decks)

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