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bioenergetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

the process by which plants make carbohydrates from raw materials, using energy from light

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2
Q

in which subcellular structure does photosynthesis take place in

A

chloroplasts

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3
Q

what is a chlorophyll

A

a pigment found in the chloroplasts, it can absorb light

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4
Q

what is the equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen

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5
Q

what is the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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6
Q

is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction

A

endothermic as it absorbs light energy

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7
Q

what is glucose used for in plants

A
  • cellular respiration
  • making cellulose to strengthen cell walls
  • making starch for long term storage as it is compact and insoluble
  • making amino acids by combing glucose with nitrate ions
  • making oils and fats
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8
Q

what is the rate of photosynthesis dependent on

A
  • light intensity
  • temperature
  • concentration of carbon dioxide
  • how much chlorophyll a plant has
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9
Q

what causes the level of chlorophyll in an individual plant to vary

A
  • disease (eg. TMV)
  • environmental stress
  • lack of nutrients
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10
Q

what happens to photosynthesis as light intensity increases

A

as light intensity increases so does the rate of photosynthesis, however after a certain point it plateaus

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11
Q

what happens to photosynthesis as the level of carbon dioxide increases

A

as the level of carbon dioxide increases so does the rate of photosynthesis, however after a certain point it plateaus

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12
Q

what happens to photosynthesis as the temperature increases

A

as temperature increases so does the rate of photosynthesis, however after a certain point (40-45 degrees) it reduces the rate of photosynthesis as enzymes become denatured

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13
Q

how do farmers create a warmer temperature for plants to grow in

A

by using a greenhouse or providing artificial light

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14
Q

how do farmers increase the level of CO2

A

by pumping in CO2 into the greenhouse or by using a paraffin heater which releases heat and CO2

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15
Q

what is cellular respiration

A

an exothermic reaction, which transfers energy from glucose, and is continuously occurring in living cells

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16
Q

how do organisms use their energy (from respiration)

A
  • build up larger molecules from smaller
  • muscular contraction
  • maintaining body temperature
17
Q

how do organisms use their energy (from respiration)

A
  • build up larger molecules from smaller
  • muscular contraction
  • maintaining body temperature
18
Q

what is metabolism

A

all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

19
Q

what is metabolism

A

all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life

20
Q

where does aerobic respiration take place

A

in the mitochondria

21
Q

where does aerobic respiration take place

A

in the mitochondria

22
Q

what is the word equation for aerobic respiration

A

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

23
Q

what is the word equation for anaerobic respiration

A

glucose -> lactic acid

24
Q

what are the 2 problems with anaerobic respiration

A
  • incomplete breakdown of glucose molecules as there is no oxygen to oxidise it which makes anaerobic respiration inefficient
  • lactic acid has to be removed
25
Q

what is the equation for anaerobic respiration in plants

A

glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide

26
Q

what is oxygen debt

A

the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells

27
Q

how is lactic acid removed from our bodies

A
  • blood carries the lactic acid from our muscles to our liver
  • the liver converts it back to glucose by reacting it with oxygen

biology (7 decks)

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