Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is the difference in measure between enthalpy & entropy ?
En. measures the overall change in heat of a system during a rxn while ent. measures the degree of disorder or energy dispersion in a system
What processes is ATP formed from ?
Oxidative phosphorylation & substrate-level phosphorylation
What molecules act as high-energy electron carriers ?
NADH NADPH FADH2 Ubiquinone Cytochromes Glutathione
What are flavoproteins main function ?
Act as electron carriers in mitochondria & chloroplasts
*Also modification of other B vitamins to active form; and functions as coenzyme
What state is the body in shortly after eating ?
Postprandial (absorptive) state
*Marked by anabolism>catabolism
What hormones are considered counterregulatory hormones ?
Glucagon Cortisol Epinephrine Norepinephrine Growth hormone
What peptide hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans & functions to decease blood glucose levels ?
Insulin
What tissues are not affected by insulin uptake ?
Nervous tissue Kidney tubules Interstitial mucosa Erythrocytes Beta-cells of pancreas
What peptide hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhan & functions to increase glucose levels in the blood ?
Glucagon
Glucocorticoids are released from where & responsible for what ?
Released from adrenal cortex & responsible for part of the stress response
What do catecholamines consists of & what secretes them ?
Consists of epinephrine & norepinephrine (adrenaline & noradrenaline)
Secreted by adrenal medulla
What are the 2 major roles of the liver in fuel metabolism ?
- Maintain constant levels of blood glucose under a wide range of conditions
- Synthesize ketones when excess fatty acids are being oxidized
What are the functions of ghrelin, orexin, & leptin ?
G: secreted by stomach in response to signals of impending meal; stimulates secretion of O
O: increases appetite, & functions in sleep-wake cycle
L: secreted by fat cells & functions to suppress O & decrease appetite
