Biodiversity Unit Review Flashcards
What is the difference between extinction and extirpation?
Extinction is when an organism is not longer found on Earth and extirpation is when an organism is no longer found in a certain area.
Why are extinction and extirpation bad?
Extinction and extirpation reduce biodiversity.
In sexual reproduction, how much DNA comes from the female and how much DNA comes from the father?
You get half of your DNA from mom and half from the father.
What is the difference between Mitosis and Meiosis?
Mitosis happens in the body cells and each new cell created has a full set of DNA. Meiosis happens in the sex cells and each new cell created has half the DNA.
What is overspecialization?
When an organism has a very narrow niche and cannot adapt easily to changes to its environment.
What is a chromosome?
A structure found in the nucleus of cells that contains DNA or genetic information.
What is the difference between heritable and non-heritable traits and give some examples?
Heritable traits are traits that are passed on by your parents and non-heritable traits are traits that are learned or acquired. -Heritable - eye color, skin color -Non-heritable - swimming ability, language, sports ability
What are some human and natural causes of extinction/extirpation?
Human - Over-hunting, loss of habitat, climate change, air and water pollution Natural - Natural disasters (flooding, volcanic eruptions), over specialization, diseases
What is the difference between cross, self and artificial pollination?
Cross pollination - pollen from one plant lands on the stigma of another plant Self pollination - pollen from one plant lands on the stigma of the same plant Artificial pollination - a plant is pollinated by man
What type of artificial reproduction techniques would best be used in plants if you are trying to grow a plant with certain characteristics?
Cloning
What is incomplete dominance? Example?
When neither trait is dominant an organism shows a mixed trait. Ex - A white flower (not dominant) and red flower (not dominant) are bred and they have pink flowers.
What are the different types of symbiosis and give some examples?
Mutualism - Both organisms benefit Ex. A bird picks ticks off a cow - bird gets food and cow get bugs picked off its back Parasitism - One organism benefits and the other is harmed Ex. A tick and a human - tick feeds on your blood and you can get a disease Commensalism - One organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefits Ex. A bird building nest in tree - bird gets a home and tree doesn’t really benefit or get harmed
What is natural selection?
When nature chooses what members of a species survive to pass on their genes and which ones do not
What is variation?
Variation is all the little differences among organisms
What are the four types of asexual reproduction?
Binary Fission - Happens in single celled organisms and the cell duplicates DNA and splits. New cells have full DNA. Budding - Parent produces a bud which detaches and becomes new individual. Spore Production - Similar to seeds and each spore turns into individuals identical to parent. Vegetative Reproduction - Reproduction of plant not involving seeds. Uses cuttings, runners, suckers and tubers.
What is a niche?
The role an organism plays in an ecosystem
What is resource partitioning?
When two or more species niches overlap and they must work out a way to share the resources.
What area of Earth is the most biodiversity found?
Equator region and tropical rain forests.
What is ex situ conservation? Examples?
Ex-Situ conservation is where you conserve organisms outside of nature. An example would be zoos, seed banks, aquariums.
What are some examples of environmental change?
Global warming, a disease infecting animals, natural disasters, etc.
What are the four different types of biotechnology and explain each?
In Vitro fertilization - Egg and Sperm are combined outside the females body and then the fertilized egg is inserted back into the female. Artificial Insemination - Sperm is artificially inserted into the female and the egg is fertilized inside the female. Cloning - Making identical copies of an organism. Genetic Engineering - Directly changing the DNA of an organism.
What does DNA do?
Carries the genetic code for all living organisms.
What are the 5 components of biodiversity and explain each?
Ecosystem Diversity - Having a variety of ecosystems Species Diversity - Having variation within a species Genetic Diversity - Having a variety of genetic material in living organisms Community Diversity - Having populations of different species living within a community Species Distribution Diversity - Plant and animal species are not evenly distributed in throughout Earth’s ecosystems.
How many copies of a recessive trait are needed for a recessive trait to show? What about a dominant trait?
Need one copy of a dominant trait for it to show and two copies of a recessive trait are needed for recessive traits to show.
Know what is formed when gametes combine?
When gametes combine a zygote is formed. Next an embryo is formed.
Label the parts of a plant.
What two things determine how variation shows in an individual?
DNA and the environment can determine how variation shows in individuals.
What is the difference between discrete and continuous variation and know some examples?
Discrete variation has a very few or limited options and continuous variation has a wide range of options
What are some differences between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual: Lots of variation Requires two individuals Involves gametes Requires lots of energy Smaller populations Offspring are a combination of both parents Asexual: No variation Requires one individual Doesn’t involve gametes Requires little energy Large populations Offspring are identical to parent
What is the difference between a population and community?
Population - Group of individuals of one species living in an area Community - A group of populations of different species living in an area
